INRA, University of Pau & Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, UMR1419 Nutrition, Metabolisme, Aquaculture, Aquapôle, F-64310 Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France; email:
Annu Rev Anim Biosci. 2019 Feb 15;7:195-220. doi: 10.1146/annurev-animal-020518-115250. Epub 2018 Nov 12.
The rapid development of aquaculture production throughout the world over the past few decades has led to the emergence of new scientific challenges to improve fish nutrition. The diet formulations used for farmed fish have been largely modified in the past few years. However, bottlenecks still exist in being able to suppress totally marine resources (fish meal and fish oil) in diets without negatively affecting growth performance and flesh quality. A better understanding of fish metabolism and its regulation by nutrients is thus mandatory. In this review, we discuss four fields of research that are highly important for improving fish nutrition in the future: ( a) fish genome complexity and subsequent consequences for metabolism, ( b) microRNAs (miRNAs) as new actors in regulation of fish metabolism, ( c) the role of autophagy in regulation of fish metabolism, and ( d) the nutritional programming of metabolism linked to the early life of fish.
在过去几十年中，全球水产养殖业的快速发展带来了改善鱼类营养的新科学挑战。过去几年中，养殖鱼类的饮食配方已经在很大程度上进行了修改。然而，在不影响生长性能和肉质的情况下，完全抑制海洋资源（鱼粉和鱼油）仍然存在瓶颈。因此，有必要更好地了解鱼类的新陈代谢及其对营养物质的调节。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了未来改善鱼类营养的四个重要研究领域：（a）鱼类基因组的复杂性及其对新陈代谢的后续影响，（b）microRNAs（miRNAs）作为鱼类新陈代谢调节的新因子，（c）自噬在调节鱼类新陈代谢中的作用，以及（d）与鱼类早期生活相关的代谢的营养编程。
