Sino-Norway Joint Lab on Fish Gut Microbiota, Beijing, 100081, China.
Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100081, China.
Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2021 Jun;113:1-8. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.03.011. Epub 2021 Mar 22.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of highly conserved, endogenous non-coding single-stranded small RNA molecules with a length of 18-25 nucleotides. MiRNAs can negatively regulate the target gene through complementary pairing with the mRNA. It has been more than 20 years since the discovery of miRNA molecules, and many achievements have been made in fish research. This paper reviews the research progress in the regulation of fish nutrition and immunity by miRNAs in recent years. MiRNAs regulate the synthesis of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, and are involved in the metabolism of glucose, lipids, as well as cholesterol in fish. Moreover, miRNAs play various roles in antibacterial and antiviral immunity of fish. They can promote the immune response of fish, but may also participate in the immune escape mechanism of bacteria or viruses. One important aspect of miRNAs regulation on fish immunity is mediated by targeting pattern recognition receptors and downstream signaling factors. Together, current results indicate that miRNAs are widely involved in the complex regulatory network of fish. Further studies on fish miRNAs may deepen our understanding of the regulatory network of fish nutrition and immunity, and have the potential to promote the development of microRNA-based products and detection reagents that can be applied in aquaculture industry.
微小 RNA（miRNA）是一类高度保守的、内源性的非编码单链小分子 RNA 分子，长度为 18-25 个核苷酸。miRNA 可以通过与 mRNA 的互补配对来负调控靶基因。miRNA 分子的发现已经超过 20 年，在鱼类研究中取得了许多成果。本文综述了近年来 miRNA 对鱼类营养和免疫调节的研究进展。miRNA 调节长链多不饱和脂肪酸的合成，并参与鱼类葡萄糖、脂质和胆固醇的代谢。此外，miRNA 在鱼类的抗菌和抗病毒免疫中发挥着多种作用。它们可以促进鱼类的免疫反应，但也可能参与细菌或病毒的免疫逃逸机制。miRNA 对鱼类免疫的调节的一个重要方面是通过靶向模式识别受体和下游信号因子来介导的。总之，目前的研究结果表明，miRNA 广泛参与鱼类的复杂调控网络。进一步研究鱼类 miRNA 可能加深我们对鱼类营养和免疫调控网络的理解，并有可能促进基于 miRNA 的产品和检测试剂的发展，这些产品和试剂可应用于水产养殖业。
