Liguria Region Public Health Service-ASL4 Chiavarese, 16043 Chiavari, Italy.
Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy.
Biomed Res Int. 2018 Oct 18;2018:5095673. doi: 10.1155/2018/5095673. eCollection 2018.
The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of two types of 9-month adapted physical activity (APA) program, based on a muscle reinforcement training and a postural training, respectively, on muscle mass, muscle strength, and static balance in moderate sarcopenic older women. The diagnosis of sarcopenia was done in accordance with measurable variables and cut-off points suggested by the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP). Seventy-two participants were randomly assigned to two groups: the muscle reinforcement training group (RESISTANCE) (n=35; 69.9 ± 2.7 years) and the postural training group (POSTURAL) (n=37; 70.0±2.8 years). Body composition, muscle mass, skeletal muscle mass index (SMI), and handgrip strength (HGS) were evaluated for sarcopenia assessment, whereas Sway Path, Sway Area, Stay Time, and Spatial Distance were evaluated for static balance assessment. Sixty-six participants completed the study (RESISTANCE group: n=33; POSTURAL group: n=33). Significant increases of muscle mass, SMI, and handgrip strength values were found in the RESISTANCE group, after muscle reinforcement program. No significant differences appeared in the POSTURAL group, after postural training. Furthermore, RESISTANCE group showed significant improvements in static balance parameters, whereas no significant differences appeared in the POSTURAL group. On the whole, the results of this study suggest that the APA program based on muscle reinforcement applied on moderate sarcopenic older women was able to significantly improve muscle mass and muscle strength, and it was also more effective than the applied postural protocol in determining positive effects on static balance.
本研究旨在评估两种为期 9 个月的适应性体育活动（APA）方案的效果，这两种方案分别基于肌肉强化训练和姿势训练，以评估其对肌肉量、肌肉力量和中度骨骼肌减少症老年女性静态平衡的影响。骨骼肌减少症的诊断是根据可测量变量和欧洲老年人骨骼肌减少症工作组（EWGSOP）建议的截止值进行的。72 名参与者被随机分配到两个组：肌肉强化训练组（RESISTANCE）（n=35；69.9±2.7 岁）和姿势训练组（POSTURAL）（n=37；70.0±2.8 岁）。为评估骨骼肌减少症，评估了身体成分、肌肉量、骨骼肌质量指数（SMI）和握力（HGS），而评估静态平衡则评估了 SwayPath、SwayArea、StayTime 和 SpatialDistance。66 名参与者完成了研究（RESISTANCE 组：n=33；POSTURAL 组：n=33）。在肌肉强化训练方案后，RESISTANCE 组的肌肉量、SMI 和握力值显著增加。在进行姿势训练后，POSTURAL 组没有出现显著差异。此外，RESISTANCE 组在静态平衡参数方面显示出显著改善，而 POSTURAL 组则没有出现显著差异。总的来说，这项研究的结果表明，针对中度骨骼肌减少症老年女性的基于肌肉强化的 APA 方案能够显著改善肌肉量和肌肉力量，并且在确定对静态平衡的积极影响方面比所应用的姿势方案更有效。
