Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry (FA, RS, TRS, MMF, SK, SÖ, MW, IS), Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health (AgeCap), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2018 Dec;42(12):2403-2412. doi: 10.1111/acer.13893. Epub 2018 Nov 13.
The older adult population is increasing worldwide, as is the number of older adults who consume alcohol. Although there is a growing body of research on alcohol consumption among older people, few studies focus on changes in at-risk consumption over time across well-defined birth cohorts of older adults.
This study used a serial cross-sectional design in order to compare alcohol consumption patterns among birth cohorts of Swedish 70-year-olds (total n = 2,268) examined in 1976 to 1977 (n = 393), 1992 to 1993 (n = 248), 2000 to 2002 (n = 458), and 2014 to 2016 (n = 1,169). Participants took part in a multidisciplinary study on health and aging. Face-to-face interviews were conducted by healthcare professionals. Protocols regarding alcohol consumption were similar for all cohorts. The volume of weekly alcohol consumption was estimated during the past month. At-risk consumption was defined as ≥100 g alcohol/wk corresponding roughly to the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism definition of heavy consumption.
The proportion of at-risk consumers among men increased from 16.1% in 1976 to 1977 to 29.9% in 2000 to 2002 (p = 0.001) and 45.3% in 2014 to 2016 (p < 0.001). In women, proportions were low in 1976 to 1977 (0.5%) and 1992 to 1993 (2.0%; p = 0.134), but increased to 9.5% in 2000 to 2002 (p < 0.001) and 24.3% in 2014 to 2016 (p < 0.001). The male:female ratio regarding consumption of ≥100 g/wk decreased from 32.2:1 in 1976 to 1977 to 3.1:1 in 2000 to 2002 to 1.9:1 in 2014 to 2016. Spirit consumption decreased dramatically among men during the study period, while women reported very low spirit consumption at all examinations. Wine consumption increased in both sexes between 2000 to 2002 and 2014 to 2016. Beer consumption increased among men between 2000 to 2002 and 2014 to 2016.
Recent cohorts of 70-year-olds in Sweden report significantly higher levels of alcohol consumption than previous cohorts. There was a dramatic increase in at-risk consumption among 70-year-olds from the 1970s to the mid-2010s, and this was particularly pronounced among women.
全球老年人口数量不断增加，同时，老年饮酒者的数量也在增加。尽管目前有越来越多的研究关注老年人的饮酒问题，但很少有研究关注在明确界定的老年人群出生队列中，随着时间的推移，高危饮酒行为的变化情况。
本研究采用了序列横断面设计，比较了瑞典 70 岁老年人（总人数为 2268 人）在 1976 年至 1977 年（393 人）、1992 年至 1993 年（248 人）、2000 年至 2002 年（458 人）和 2014 年至 2016 年（1169 人）的饮酒模式。参与者参加了一项关于健康和衰老的多学科研究。由医疗保健专业人员进行面对面访谈。所有队列的饮酒协议都相似。在过去一个月中，估计每周的饮酒量。高危饮酒被定义为每周饮酒量≥100g，大致相当于国家酒精滥用与酒精中毒研究所定义的重度饮酒。
男性高危饮酒者的比例从 1976 年至 1977 年的 16.1%上升到 2000 年至 2002 年的 29.9%（p=0.001）和 2014 年至 2016 年的 45.3%（p<0.001）。在女性中，1976 年至 1977 年的比例较低（0.5%），1992 年至 1993 年的比例较高（2.0%；p=0.134），但在 2000 年至 2002 年增加到 9.5%（p<0.001）和 2014 年至 2016 年的 24.3%（p<0.001）。1976 年至 1977 年男性与女性每周饮酒量≥100g 的比例为 32.2:1，到 2000 年至 2002 年降至 3.1:1，到 2014 年至 2016 年降至 1.9:1。在研究期间，男性烈酒的消耗量大幅下降，而女性在所有检查中都报告了极低的烈酒消耗量。在两性中，葡萄酒的消耗量从 2000 年至 2002 年增加到 2014 年至 2016 年。啤酒的消耗量在 2000 年至 2002 年和 2014 年至 2016 年期间增加了男性的消耗量。
瑞典最近几代 70 岁的老年人报告的饮酒量明显高于前几代人。从 20 世纪 70 年代到 21 世纪 10 年代中期，高危饮酒者在 70 岁人群中的比例显著上升，这在女性中尤为明显。
