Mirasoglu Bengusu, Arslan Abdullah, Aktas Samil, Toklu Akin Savas
Department of Underwater and Hyperbaric Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.
Department of Underwater and Hyperbaric Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Meram Faculty of Medicine, Konya, Turkey.
Undersea Hyperb Med. 2018 Sep-Oct;45:489-494.
The Eurasian Tunnel is a 5.64-km crossroad tunnel that connects Europe and Asia. Located under the seabed for the first time, 3.34 km of the tunnel that crosses the Bosphorus was built by advanced tunneling techniques. An exclusively designed tunnel boring machine (TBM), which has an operating pressure of 11 bars and a diameter of 13.7 meters was used for boring the seabed tunnel. The deepest point was 106 meters below sea level. One bounce diving period and seven saturation diving periods were needed for the repair and maintenance of the TBM during the project. Total time spent under pressure was 5,763 hours. A saturation decompression chamber for four divers was used for the saturation interventions, and divers breathed trimix at storage and excursion depths. The longest saturation run was the second, with storage at 10 bars and excursions to 10.4 bars. Twenty-three professional divers who were all experienced in compressed-air work were assigned to work on the project. Four dive physicians provided medical support, which included screening of divers before and during the hyperbaric interventions as well as on-site supervision. There were no diving-related accidents. A minor hand trauma, an external otitis and occasional insomnia were non-diving-related health issues that occurred during saturation and bounce diving. To our knowledge, the Eurasian Tunnel was the first project to perform TBM repair operations at such depths under the seabed and the first saturation diving in Turkey. In this report, we aimed to share our experiences of hyperbaric medical consulting in support of this type of tunneling project.
欧亚隧道是一条连接欧洲和亚洲的5.64公里长的十字路口隧道。该隧道首次位于海床下，穿越博斯普鲁斯海峡的3.34公里隧道采用先进的隧道挖掘技术建造。专门设计的隧道掘进机（TBM）用于挖掘海底隧道，其工作压力为11巴，直径为13.7米。最深点在海平面以下106米。在项目期间，TBM的维修和保养需要一个单次潜水期和七个饱和潜水期。在压力下总共花费的时间为5763小时。一个可供四名潜水员使用的饱和减压舱用于饱和干预，潜水员在储存深度和作业深度呼吸混合气。最长的饱和作业是第二次，储存压力为10巴，作业压力为10.4巴。23名均有压缩空气作业经验的专业潜水员被分配到该项目工作。四名潜水医生提供医疗支持，包括在高压干预前和干预期间对潜水员进行筛查以及现场监督。没有与潜水相关的事故。一次轻微手部创伤、一次外耳道炎和偶尔的失眠是在饱和潜水和单次潜水期间发生的与潜水无关的健康问题。据我们所知，欧亚隧道是首个在如此深的海床下进行隧道掘进机维修作业的项目，也是土耳其首次进行饱和潜水。在本报告中，我们旨在分享我们在高压医疗咨询方面的经验，以支持此类隧道工程。
