Ali-Alsuliman Dawood, Ibrahim El-Hakim, Braimah Ramat Oyebunmi
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Najran Regional Specialty Dental Centre, Najran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Riyadh Colleges of Dentistry and Pharmacy, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
J Emerg Trauma Shock. 2018 Jul-Sep;11(3):170-174. doi: 10.4103/JETS.JETS_12_18.
Zygomatic bone (ZB), also known as the cheekbone, articulates with the maxilla, temporal sphenoid, and the frontal bones. It forms the prominence of the cheek and part of the orbit, and because of its prominence, it is susceptible to trauma. The aim of this study was to present the pattern of ZB fracture in a country in the Middle East.
The medical records of all trauma cases admitted to the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Ward, Riyadh Dental Centre, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, were reviewed and all cases with ZB fractures were included in this study from December 2002 to December 2012. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 16 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). The results were presented as simple frequencies and percentages.
A total of 1487 patients had maxillofacial trauma and 306 cases were diagnosed with ZB fractures during the study. There were 271 (88.6%) males and 35 (11.4%) females with male: female ratio of 7.7:1. Age group of 21-30 years has the highest number of fracture cases (133 [43.5%]). Road traffic accident (RTA) remained the leading etiology of zygomatic complex fracture (ZMCF; 221 [72.2%]). August has been observed to be associated with the highest cases of ZMCF (40 [13.1%]). The years 2005 and 2006 recorded the highest frequency of ZMCF cases (46 [15.0%] and 44 [14.4%], respectively).
The results of this study showed that RTA is the leading cause of ZB fractures followed by assaults. The most commonly fractured site was the zygomaticomaxillary. Proper road traffic regulation is paramount to help reduce maxillofacial trauma.
颧骨（ZB），也被称为颊骨，与上颌骨、颞蝶骨和额骨相连。它构成脸颊的突出部分和眼眶的一部分，由于其突出，易受创伤。本研究的目的是呈现中东某一国家的颧骨骨折模式。
回顾了沙特阿拉伯利雅得国王沙特医疗城利雅得牙科中心口腔颌面外科病房收治的所有创伤病例的医疗记录，纳入了2002年12月至2012年12月期间所有颧骨骨折病例。使用SPSS 16版软件（美国伊利诺伊州芝加哥市SPSS公司）进行数据分析。结果以简单频数和百分比呈现。
在研究期间，共有1487例患者发生颌面创伤，其中306例被诊断为颧骨骨折。男性271例（88.6%），女性35例（11.4%），男女比例为7.7:1。21 - 30岁年龄组骨折病例数最多（133例[43.5%]）。道路交通事故（RTA）仍然是颧骨复合体骨折（ZMCF）的主要病因（221例[72.2%]）。观察发现8月与ZMCF病例数最多相关（40例[13.1%]）。2005年和2006年记录的ZMCF病例频率最高（分别为46例[15.0%]和44例[14.4%]）。
本研究结果表明，道路交通事故是颧骨骨折的主要原因，其次是袭击。最常发生骨折的部位是颧上颌。适当的道路交通管制对于减少颌面创伤至关重要。
