Jeon Se Jin, Gonzales Edson Luck, Mabunga Darine Froy N, Valencia Schley T, Kim Do Gyeong, Kim Yujeong, Adil Keremkleroo Jym L, Shin Dongpil, Park Donghyun, Shin Chan Young
Center for Neuroscience, Korea Institute of Science & Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea.
Department of Pharmacology and Advanced Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
Exp Neurobiol. 2018 Oct;27(5):321-343. doi: 10.5607/en.2018.27.5.321. Epub 2018 Oct 31.
Sex is an important factor in understanding the clinical presentation, management, and developmental trajectory of children with neuropsychiatric disorders. While much is known about the clinical and neurobehavioral profiles of males with neuropsychiatric disorders, surprisingly little is known about females in this respect. Animal models may provide detailed mechanistic information about sex differences in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in terms of manifestation, disease progression, and development of therapeutic options. This review aims to widen our understanding of the role of sex in autism spectrum disorder, by summarizing and comparing behavioral characteristics of animal models. Our current understanding of how differences emerge in boys and girls with neuropsychiatric disorders is limited: Information derived from animal studies will stimulate future research on the role of biological maturation rates, sex hormones, sex-selective protective (or aggravating) factors and psychosocial factors, which are essential to devise sex precision medicine and to improve diagnostic accuracy. Moreover, there is a strong need of novel strategies to elucidate the major mechanisms leading to sex-specific autism features, as well as novel models or methods to examine these sex differences.
性别是理解神经精神疾病患儿临床表现、治疗及发展轨迹的一个重要因素。虽然我们对患有神经精神疾病男性的临床和神经行为特征了解颇多，但令人惊讶的是，在这方面对女性的了解却很少。动物模型可以提供有关自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）在表现、疾病进展及治疗方案开发方面性别差异的详细机制信息。本综述旨在通过总结和比较动物模型的行为特征，拓宽我们对性别在自闭症谱系障碍中作用的理解。我们目前对神经精神疾病男孩和女孩差异如何出现的理解有限：来自动物研究的信息将激发未来对生物成熟率、性激素、性别选择性保护（或加重）因素及心理社会因素作用的研究，这些因素对于设计性别精准医学和提高诊断准确性至关重要。此外，迫切需要新策略来阐明导致性别特异性自闭症特征的主要机制，以及用于研究这些性别差异的新模型或方法。
