Department of Experimental Immunology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland.
J Interferon Cytokine Res. 2018 Dec;38(12):527-538. doi: 10.1089/jir.2018.0102. Epub 2018 Nov 15.
The innate immune response is defined as an immensely complex and sophisticated process aimed at defending the organism against any disturbance in the body homeostasis, including invading pathogens. It requires a close cooperation of a vast amount of different cell types, recognized as inflammatory migrating cells, as well as stationary cells that form tissues. Moreover, innate immune mechanisms require an efficient functioning of various humoral components that exert a significant impact on physiological and pathological processes. Apart from commonly mentioned humoral factors, this group also includes a family of proteins known as adipocytokines that may act as pro- or anti-inflammatory agents or act both ways. Leptin, predominantly characterized as a proinflammatory adipokine, plays a crucial role in endothelium remodeling and regulation, as well as in cell survival and production of numerous cytokines. Adiponectin, similar to leptin, acts on the endothelial cells and the phagocytic properties of immune cells; however, it exerts an anti-inflammatory impact. Resistin has a documented role in the control of angiogenesis and stimulation of proinflammatory mediator generation and release. Furthermore, there are adipokines, ie, visfatin and chemerin, whose participation in the inflammatory processes is ambiguous. This review focuses on the current knowledge on the extensive role of selected adipokines in innate immune response.
先天免疫反应被定义为一种极其复杂和精细的过程，旨在保护机体免受任何体内平衡紊乱的影响，包括入侵的病原体。它需要大量不同类型的细胞密切合作，这些细胞被认为是炎症迁移细胞，以及形成组织的静止细胞。此外，先天免疫机制需要各种体液成分的有效功能，这些成分对生理和病理过程都有重要影响。除了通常提到的体液因素外，这一组还包括一组被称为脂肪细胞因子的蛋白质，它们可以作为促炎或抗炎剂发挥作用，或者两者兼而有之。瘦素主要表现为促炎脂肪因子，在血管内皮细胞重塑和调节、细胞存活以及产生多种细胞因子方面发挥着关键作用。脂联素与瘦素相似，作用于内皮细胞和免疫细胞的吞噬特性，但它发挥抗炎作用。抵抗素在控制血管生成和刺激促炎介质的产生和释放方面有明确的作用。此外，还有一些脂肪细胞因子，如内脏脂肪素和趋化素，它们在炎症过程中的作用尚不清楚。这篇综述重点介绍了选定的脂肪细胞因子在先天免疫反应中的广泛作用的最新知识。
