性别在经典越野滑雪低强度和高强度训练中的速度、子技术选择和运动学模式方面的差异。
Sex-based differences in speed, sub-technique selection, and kinematic patterns during low- and high-intensity training for classical cross-country skiing.
机构信息
Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, Nord University, Bodø, Norway.
Centre for Elite Sports Research, Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
出版信息
PLoS One. 2018 Nov 15;13(11):e0207195. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207195. eCollection 2018.
OBJECTIVES
We investigated sex-based differences in speed, sub-technique selection, and kinematic patterns during low- (LIT) and high-intensity training (HIT) for classical cross-country (XC) skiing across varying terrain.
METHODS
Six male and six female elite XC skiers with an approximately 15% differences in VO2max (men: 68.9±2.9 mL·min-1·kg-1, women: 60.1±3.3 mL·min-1·kg-1) were monitored using a multi-sensor system to collect time-synchronised data of heart rate, speed, and multiple tri-axial inertial measurements units while XC skiing on a 5-km competition track.
RESULTS
Men skied 21% faster than women during HIT (5.9±0.3 m·s-1 vs. 4.9±0.2 m·s-1, P < .001), with the greatest difference (26%) while skiing on flat terrain, whereas skiing speed did not significantly differ between men and women during LIT. At similar instructed intensity and rating of perceived effort, women exhibited significantly higher relative heart rate (85±2% vs. 71±3% of maximum) and blood lactate levels (4.0±1.3 vs. 1.2±0.2 mmol/L) during LIT (all P < .001) than men, whereas physiological responses did generally not differ between the sexes during HIT. During both intensities and among both sexes, double poling (DP) was the sub-technique most used relative to distance, followed by miscellaneous sub-techniques (MISC), diagonal stride (DIA), kick double poling (DK) and herringbone (HRB). In relation to distance women used DIA more than men during LIT (22% vs. 17%, P = .009) and HIT (23% vs. 12%, P = .001), whereas men used MISC, including tucking and turning, more than women during LIT (39% vs. 25%, P = .017) and HIT (41% vs. 30%, P = .064). In particular, men used DP more than women while skiing the uphill sections during both LIT (24% vs. 11%, P = .015) and HIT (39% vs. 13%, P = .002).
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings provide novel insights into sex-based differences in speed, sub-technique selection, and kinematic patterns during LIT and HIT for classical skiing.
目的
本研究旨在调查不同地形条件下，男女优秀古典式越野滑雪运动员在低强度训练（LIT）和高强度训练（HIT）中速度、子技术选择和运动学模式的性别差异。
方法
本研究使用多传感器系统监测了 6 名男性和 6 名女性精英越野滑雪运动员的心率、速度和多个三轴惯性测量单元的数据，这些运动员的 VO2max 差异约为 15%（男性：68.9±2.9 mL·min-1·kg-1，女性：60.1±3.3 mL·min-1·kg-1）。这些运动员在 5 公里竞赛赛道上进行了越野滑雪。
结果
与女性相比，男性在 HIT 中速度快 21%（5.9±0.3 m·s-1 vs. 4.9±0.2 m·s-1，P <.001），在平地滑雪时差异最大（26%），而在 LIT 中男女滑雪速度无显著差异。在相同的指示强度和感知努力评分下，女性在 LIT 中表现出显著更高的相对心率（85±2%对 71±3%的最大心率）和血乳酸水平（4.0±1.3 对 1.2±0.2 mmol/L）（均 P <.001），而男性在 HIT 中生理反应一般无性别差异。在两种强度下，男女运动员均以双杖撑地技术（DP）为主，其次是各种子技术（MISC）、对角线滑步（DIA）、踢腿双杖撑地技术（DK）和人字形滑步（HRB）。与男性相比，女性在 LIT（22%对 17%，P =.009）和 HIT（23%对 12%，P =.001）中更多地使用 DIA，而男性在 LIT（39%对 25%，P =.017）和 HIT（41%对 30%，P =.064）中更多地使用 MISC，包括抱膝和转身技术。特别是，在 LIT（24%对 11%，P =.015）和 HIT（39%对 13%，P =.002）中，男性在上下坡段的 DP 技术使用频率均高于女性。
结论
本研究结果为男女在古典式滑雪的 LIT 和 HIT 中速度、子技术选择和运动学模式的性别差异提供了新的见解。
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