Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, Nord University, Bodø, Norway.
Centre for Elite Sports Research, Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
PLoS One. 2020 Sep 29;15(9):e0239862. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239862. eCollection 2020.
The purpose of this study was to compare speed, sub-technique selection and temporal patterns between world-class male and female cross-country (XC) skiers and to examine the combined associations of sex and speed on sub-technique selection. Thirty-three XC skiers performed an international 10-km (women; n = 8) and 15-km (men; n = 25) time-trial competition in the classical style (with the first 10 km of the race being used for analyses). An integrated GNSS/IMU system was used to continuously track position speed and automatically classify sub-techniques and temporal patterns (i.e. cycle length and-rate). When comparing the eight highest ranked men and women, men spent less time than women (29±2 vs. 45±5% of total time) using diagonal stride (DIA), more time (44±4 vs. 31±4%) using double poling (DP) and more time (23±2 vs. 19±3%) using tucking and turning (all P < .01). Here, men and women used these sub-techniques at similar temporal patterns within the same speed-intervals; although men employed all sub-techniques at steeper uphill gradients (all P < .05). In subsequent analyses including all 33 skiers, adjustment for average racing speed did not fully attenuate the observed sex differences in the proportion of time using DIA (CI95% [-10.7, -1.6]) and DP (CI95% [0.8, 9.3]). Male world-class XC skiers utilized less DIA and more DP compared to women of equal performance levels. Although these differences coincided with men's higher speed and their ability to use the various sub-techniques at steeper uphill gradients, sexual dimorphism in the proportional use of DIA and DP also occurred independently of these speed-differences.
本研究的目的是比较世界级男女越野滑雪运动员的速度、子技术选择和时间模式，并探讨性别和速度对子技术选择的综合影响。33 名越野滑雪运动员以经典式完成了 10 公里（女子组；n=8）和 15 公里（男子组；n=25）的国际计时赛。使用集成 GNSS/IMU 系统连续跟踪位置速度，并自动分类子技术和时间模式（即周期长度和速度）。在比较前 8 名男女运动员时，男性使用对角线步幅（DIA）的时间少于女性（29±2%比 45±5%），使用双杖撑地（DP）的时间多于女性（44±4%比 31±4%），使用收腿和转身的时间多于女性（23±2%比 19±3%）（均 P <.01）。在这里，男性和女性在相同速度区间内以相似的时间模式使用这些子技术；尽管男性在更陡峭的上坡梯度上使用所有子技术（均 P <.05）。在包括所有 33 名运动员的后续分析中，调整平均比赛速度并不能完全消除观察到的性别差异，即使用 DIA 的时间比例（CI95%[-10.7，-1.6]）和 DP（CI95%[0.8，9.3]）。世界级男女越野滑雪运动员与同等表现水平的女性相比，使用 DIA 的时间更少，使用 DP 的时间更多。尽管这些差异与男性更高的速度以及他们在更陡峭的上坡梯度上使用各种子技术的能力有关，但 DIA 和 DP 的使用比例的性别差异也独立于这些速度差异。
