Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 30 Zhongyang Road, 210008, Nanjing, China.
Chem Soc Rev. 2019 Jan 2;48(1):22-37. doi: 10.1039/c8cs00494c.
The optical technology presents non-invasive, non-destructive, and non-ionizing features and has the ability to display various chemical components in tissues to provide useful information for various biomedical applications. Regarding selection of light wavelengths, second near-infrared (NIR-II, 900-1700 nm) light is a much better choice compared to both visible (380-780 nm) and traditional near-infrared (780-900 nm) light, because of its advantages including deeper penetration into biological tissues, less tissue scattering or absorption, and decreased interference by fluorescent proteins. Thus, using optical nano-agents that absorb or emit light in the NIR-II window can achieve deeper tissue optical imaging with higher signal-to-background ratios and better spatial resolution for diagnosis. What's more, some of these nano-agents can be further applied for imaging guided surgical removal, real-time monitoring of drug delivery, labeling lymphatic metastasis, biosensing, and imaging guided phototherapy. In this review, we attempt to summarize the recent advances of various NIR-II nano-agents (including single-walled carbon nanotubes, quantum dots, rare-earth doped nanoparticles, other inorganic nanomaterials, small organic molecule-based nanoparticles, and semiconducting polymer nanoparticles) in both bioimaging and therapeutic applications, and discuss the challenges and perspectives of these nano-agents for clinical practice in the near future.
光学技术具有非侵入性、非破坏性和非电离性的特点，能够显示组织中的各种化学成分，为各种生物医学应用提供有用的信息。关于选择光波波长，与可见光（380-780nm）和传统近红外光（780-900nm）相比，近红外二区（NIR-II，900-1700nm）光具有更深的组织穿透能力、更小的组织散射或吸收以及更少的荧光蛋白干扰等优势，是更好的选择。因此，使用在 NIR-II 窗口中吸收或发射光的光学纳米制剂可以实现更深的组织光学成像，具有更高的信噪比和更好的空间分辨率，用于诊断。更重要的是，其中一些纳米制剂可进一步应用于成像引导手术切除、药物递送的实时监测、淋巴转移的标记、生物传感和成像引导光疗。在这篇综述中，我们试图总结各种 NIR-II 纳米制剂（包括单壁碳纳米管、量子点、稀土掺杂纳米粒子、其他无机纳米材料、基于小分子的纳米粒子和半导体聚合物纳米粒子）在生物成像和治疗应用中的最新进展，并讨论这些纳米制剂在不久的将来应用于临床实践所面临的挑战和前景。
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