Higuera Adriana, Ramírez Juan David
Grupo de Investigaciones Microbiológicas - UR (GIMUR), Programa de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia.
Grupo de Investigaciones Microbiológicas - UR (GIMUR), Programa de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia.
Acta Trop. 2019 Feb;190:99-111. doi: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2018.11.010. Epub 2018 Nov 13.
Arboviruses are a group of viruses transmitted by arthropods. They are characterized by a wide geographic distribution, which is associated with the presence of the vector, and cause asymptomatic infections or febrile diseases in humans in both enzootic and urban cycles. Recent reports of human infections caused by viruses such as dengue, Zika, and chikungunya have raised concern regarding public health, and have led to the re-evaluation of surveillance mechanisms and measures to control the transmission of these arboviruses. Viruses such as Mayaro and Usutu are not currently responsible for a high number of symptomatic infections in humans, but should remain under epidemiological surveillance to avoid the emergence of new epidemics, as happened with Zika virus, that are associated with new or more severe symptoms. Additionally, significant variation has been observed in these viruses, giving rise to different lineages. Until recently, the emergence of new lineages has primarily been related to geographical distribution and dispersion, allowing us to ascertain the possible origins and direction of expansion of each virus type, and to make predictions regarding regions where active infections in humans are likely to occur. Therefore, this review is focused on untangling the molecular epidemiology of Dengue, Yellow fever, Zika and Chikungunya due to their recent epidemics in Latinamerica but provides an update on the geographical distribution globally of these viral variants, and outlines the need for further understanding of the genotypes/lineages assignment.
虫媒病毒是一类由节肢动物传播的病毒。它们的特点是地理分布广泛，这与媒介的存在有关，并且在动物疫源性和城市传播周期中可导致人类无症状感染或发热性疾病。最近关于登革热、寨卡和基孔肯雅等病毒引起人类感染的报道引发了对公共卫生的关注，并导致对监测机制以及控制这些虫媒病毒传播措施的重新评估。马亚罗病毒和乌苏图病毒等目前在人类中引发的有症状感染数量并不多，但应继续接受流行病学监测，以避免出现像寨卡病毒那样与新的或更严重症状相关的新疫情。此外，已观察到这些病毒存在显著变异，产生了不同的谱系。直到最近，新谱系的出现主要与地理分布和扩散有关，这使我们能够确定每种病毒类型可能的起源和扩展方向，并对人类可能发生活跃感染的地区进行预测。因此，本综述聚焦于梳理登革热、黄热病、寨卡和基孔肯雅的分子流行病学情况，因为它们近期在拉丁美洲爆发了疫情，同时还提供了这些病毒变种在全球地理分布的最新情况，并概述了进一步了解基因型/谱系分类的必要性。
