CoRPS-Center of Research on Psychology in Somatic diseases, Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands.
CoRPS-Center of Research on Psychology in Somatic diseases, Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands.
J Affect Disord. 2019 Feb 15;245:569-579. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.11.035. Epub 2018 Nov 5.
Social inhibition may promote emotional problems in children, but little is known about this disposition in adults. Our research builds on a theory-based model to suggest that adult social inhibition involves distinct behavioral (inhibition), cognitive (sensitivity), and affective (withdrawal) characteristics.
A total of 1385 adults completed measures of social inhibition, emotional distress, and social stress. Factor analyses, reliability estimates and regression analyses were used to examine the robustness of our model, and the validity of the 15-item Social Inhibition Questionnaire (SIQ15).
In Study 1 (N = 1180; M 46.9 years; 52% women), factor analysis confirmed that behavioral inhibition, interpersonal sensitivity, and social withdrawal reflected distinct facets of social inhibition. Next, we developed the SIQ15 that covers these facets with 5 items each; e.g. has difficulty making contact; expects negative reactions from others; keeps others at a distance. Study 2 (N = 209; M 20.3 years; 77% women) showed that the SIQ15 and its 5-item Inhibition, Sensitivity and Withdrawal facet scales were internally consistent (Cronbach's α between 0.86/0.94) and stable over time (test-retest between r = 0.73/0.78). The SIQ15 facets differentially predicted related inhibition (Behavioral Inhibition Scale), rumination (Penn State Worry Questionnaire) and withdrawal (Personality Inventory for DSM-5) scores at 6 months follow-up. Younger age and having no partner were associated with more social inhibition.
Findings are based on self-report; experimental and prospective studies are needed to further validate our inhibition model.
Inhibition, sensitivity, and withdrawal are distinct manifestations of adult social inhibition that can be reliably assessed with the SIQ15. Research needs to examine how this multidimensional nature of social inhibition has an effect on stress, health, and wellbeing.
社交抑制可能会导致儿童出现情绪问题，但目前人们对成年人的这种性格知之甚少。我们的研究基于一个理论模型，该模型表明，成人社交抑制涉及到不同的行为（抑制）、认知（敏感）和情感（退缩）特征。
共有 1385 名成年人完成了社交抑制、情绪困扰和社交压力的测量。采用因子分析、信度估计和回归分析来检验我们模型的稳健性，以及 15 项社交抑制问卷（SIQ15）的有效性。
在研究 1（N=1180；M 年龄 46.9 岁；52%为女性）中，因子分析证实行为抑制、人际敏感和社交退缩反映了社交抑制的不同方面。接下来，我们开发了 SIQ15，它用 5 个项目涵盖了这些方面，例如难以与人接触、期望他人做出负面反应、与他人保持距离。研究 2（N=209；M 年龄 20.3 岁；77%为女性）表明，SIQ15 及其 5 项抑制、敏感和退缩因子量表具有内部一致性（Cronbach's α 为 0.86/0.94），且在时间上具有稳定性（测试-再测试之间的 r 值为 0.73/0.78）。SIQ15 因子在 6 个月随访时，分别预测了相关的抑制（行为抑制量表）、沉思（宾夕法尼亚州担忧问卷）和退缩（DSM-5 人格量表）评分。年龄较小和没有伴侣与更多的社交抑制有关。
研究结果基于自我报告；需要进行实验和前瞻性研究，以进一步验证我们的抑制模型。
抑制、敏感和退缩是成人社交抑制的不同表现形式，可以通过 SIQ15 可靠地评估。研究需要研究这种社交抑制的多维性质如何对压力、健康和幸福感产生影响。
