Vaisberg Jonathan M, Martindale Ashley T, Folkeard Paula, Benedict Cathy
Faculty of Health Sciences, National Centre for Audiology, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
Graduate Program in Health & Rehabilitation Sciences (Hearing Science), Faculty of Health Sciences, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
J Am Acad Audiol. 2019 Nov/Dec;30(10):856-870. doi: 10.3766/jaaa.17019. Epub 2018 Nov 16.
Hearing aids (HAs) are important for the rehabilitation of individuals with hearing loss. Although the rehabilitation of speech communication is well understood, less attention has been devoted to understanding hearing-impaired instrumentalists' needs to actively participate in music. Despite efforts to adjust HA settings for music acoustics, there lacks an understanding of instrumentalists' needs and if those HA adjustments satisfy their needs.
The purpose of the current study was to explore the challenges that adult HA-wearing instrumentalists face, which prevent them from listening, responding to, and performing music.
A qualitative methodology was employed with the use of semistructured interviews conducted with adult amateur instrumentalists.
Twelve HA users who were amateur ensemble instrumentalists (playing instruments from the percussion, wind, reed, brass, and string families) and between the ages of 55 and 83 years (seven men and five women) provided data for analysis in this study. Amateur in this context was defined as one who engaged mindfully in pursuit of an activity.
Semistructured interviews were conducted using an open-ended interview guide. Interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. Transcripts were analyzed using conventional qualitative content analysis.
Three categories emerged from the data: (1) participatory needs, (2) effects of HA use, and (3) effects of hearing loss. Participants primarily used HAs to hear the conductor's instructions to meaningfully participate in music rehearsals. Effects of HA use fell within two subcategories: HA music sound quality and use of an HA music program. The effects of hearing loss fell within three subcategories: inability to identify missing information, affected music components, and nonauditory music perception strategies.
Not surprisingly, hearing-impaired instrumentalists face challenges participating in their music activities. However, although participants articulated ways in which HAs and hearing loss affect music perception, which in turn revealed perspectives toward listening using the auditory system and other sensory systems, the primary motivation for their HA use was the need to hear the conductor's directions. These findings suggest that providing hearing-impaired instrumentalists access to musical experience via participation should be prioritized above restoring the perception of musical descriptors. Future research is needed with instrumentalists who no longer listen to or perform music because of hearing loss, so that the relationship between musical auditory deficiencies and participation can be better explored.
助听器对听力损失患者的康复至关重要。虽然言语交流的康复已得到充分理解，但对于理解听力受损的乐器演奏者积极参与音乐的需求关注较少。尽管已努力针对音乐声学调整助听器设置，但对于乐器演奏者的需求以及这些助听器调整是否满足他们的需求仍缺乏了解。
本研究的目的是探讨成年佩戴助听器的乐器演奏者面临的挑战，这些挑战阻碍了他们聆听、回应和演奏音乐。
采用定性方法，对成年业余乐器演奏者进行半结构化访谈。
12名助听器使用者，他们是业余合奏乐器演奏者（演奏打击乐器、管乐器、簧乐器、铜管乐器和弦乐器），年龄在55至83岁之间（7名男性和5名女性），为本研究提供了分析数据。在此背景下，业余被定义为有意识地从事一项活动的人。
使用开放式访谈指南进行半结构化访谈。访谈进行录音并逐字转录。使用传统的定性内容分析法对转录本进行分析。
数据中出现了三个类别：（1）参与需求，（2）使用助听器的影响，（3）听力损失的影响。参与者主要使用助听器来聆听指挥的指示，以便有意义地参与音乐排练。使用助听器的影响分为两个子类别：助听器音乐音质和助听器音乐程序的使用。听力损失的影响分为三个子类别：无法识别缺失信息、受影响的音乐成分和非听觉音乐感知策略。
毫不奇怪，听力受损的乐器演奏者在参与音乐活动时面临挑战。然而，尽管参与者阐述了助听器和听力损失影响音乐感知的方式，这反过来又揭示了对使用听觉系统和其他感官系统聆听的看法，但他们使用助听器的主要动机是需要听到指挥的指示。这些发现表明，通过参与为听力受损的乐器演奏者提供音乐体验应优先于恢复对音乐描述符的感知。需要对因听力损失而不再聆听或演奏音乐的乐器演奏者进行进一步研究，以便更好地探索音乐听觉缺陷与参与之间的关系。
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