Centre for Patient Reported Outcome Research, Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Applied Research Collaboration (ARC), West Midlands, United Kingdom.
PLoS One. 2022 Oct 25;17(10):e0276265. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276265. eCollection 2022.
Hearing loss (HL) can affect communication in complex ways. Understanding how adults with HL reflect on and conceptualise the way they listen (metacognition) is required if interventions, and the outcome measures used to evaluate them, are to address barriers to functional communication arising from HL.
This study describes how adults with HL experience and report the processes, behaviours, and components of listening, as presented in published studies.
Systematic review and meta-synthesis of qualitative studies.
Systematic searches identified English-language, peer-reviewed journal articles reporting the results of qualitative or mixed-methods studies of adults' with HL perceived listening abilities. Medline, PsychInfo, Web of Science, Embase, and Google Scholar were searched from inception to November 2021. Handsearching reference lists of included studies identified additional studies for inclusion. The Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) qualitative checklist was used to appraise studies' methodological quality. Data from included studies were analysed using thematic meta-synthesis. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) Confidence in the Evidence from Reviews of QUALitative (CERQual) approach assessed confidence in the review findings. Two reviewers independently completed all screening and quality appraisal. Thematic meta-synthesis and GRADE CERQual assessment was completed by one reviewer and confirmed by a second reviewer. Discrepancies were resolved through discussion.
Data from 46 studies were included in the review. Thematic meta-synthesis identified six descriptive themes: 1) perceived listening ability; 2) external modifiers; 3) psychosocial impacts of hearing loss; 4) communication partner perspectives; 5) self-efficacy for listening; and 6) cognitive load. GRADE CERQual ratings for descriptive themes ranged from low to moderate confidence. Descriptive themes were related by analytic themes of liminality and reciprocity.
Adults with HL provide in-depth accounts of components and processes of listening, with studies reporting both cognitive and affective experiences consistent with theoretical models of metacognition. The findings will inform content generation for a hearing-specific patient-reported outcome measure of perceived listening ability in everyday communication.
听力损失（HL）会以复杂的方式影响交流。如果要解决 HL 引起的功能性沟通障碍，就需要了解听力损失成年人如何反思和概念化他们的倾听方式（元认知），并使用干预措施和评估它们的结果测量。
本研究描述了听力损失成年人如何体验和报告听力过程、行为和组成部分，这些内容在已发表的研究中呈现。
对定性研究进行系统回顾和元综合。
系统搜索确定了以英语发表的、同行评议的期刊文章，这些文章报告了成人听力损失感知听力能力的定性或混合方法研究的结果。从开始到 2021 年 11 月，在 Medline、PsychInfo、Web of Science、Embase 和 Google Scholar 上进行了搜索。对纳入研究的参考文献列表进行手工搜索，以确定纳入的其他研究。使用批判性评估技能计划（CASP）定性清单评估研究的方法质量。使用主题元综合分析纳入研究的数据。使用推荐评估、制定和评估（GRADE）从定性评估的证据的信心（CERQual）方法对审查结果的信心进行分级。两名审查员独立完成所有筛选和质量评估。主题元综合和 GRADE CERQual 评估由一名审查员完成，并由第二名审查员确认。通过讨论解决差异。
该综述纳入了 46 项研究的数据。主题元综合确定了六个描述性主题：1）感知听力能力；2）外部修饰符；3）听力损失的心理社会影响；4）沟通伙伴观点；5）听力自我效能；6）认知负荷。描述性主题的 GRADE CERQual 评分从低到中等信心。描述性主题通过分析主题的中间状态和互惠性相关联。
听力损失成年人提供了对听力过程和组成部分的深入描述，研究报告了与元认知理论模型一致的认知和情感体验。研究结果将为听力特异性患者报告的日常沟通中感知听力能力的结果测量提供内容生成。
