Di Serafino Marco, Verde Francesco, Ferro Federica, Vezzali Norberto, Rossi Eugenio, Acampora Ciro, Valente Iacopo, Pelliccia Piernicola, Speca Stefania, Vallone Gianfranco
Radiology Department, "Antonio Cardarelli" Hospital, Naples, Italy.
Paediatric Radiology Department, "Federico II" University Hospital, Naples, Italy.
J Ultrasound. 2019 Dec;22(4):503-512. doi: 10.1007/s40477-018-0341-2. Epub 2018 Nov 16.
In infants and children, the spleen is involved in many pathological processes, whether those processes are isolated or related to systemic diseases. Pathology of the pediatric spleen includes congenital anomalies, splenomegaly, trauma, focal lesions, infarction, and tumors. Ultrasonography (US) is a widely available, fast, noninvasive imaging technique to assess the size, shape, and position of the spleen, as well as to define splenic echotexture. US is capable of screening for splenic disorders without the risk of ionizing radiation; it is the initial imaging examination performed to evaluate suspected splenic pathology, providing clinicians with helpful decisional support. US plays an important role in the detection of even very small amounts of hemoperitoneum, a herald of significant abdominal organ injury, in pediatric blunt abdominal trauma. Moreover, contrast-enhanced US may allow early detection of splenic injuries, ideally minimizing children's risk from radiation exposure. This pictorial essay illustrates the normal ultrasound appearance of the pediatric spleen and the sonographic findings which may guide clinicians to a correct diagnosis of pathologic conditions.
在婴幼儿和儿童中，脾脏参与许多病理过程，无论这些过程是孤立的还是与全身性疾病相关。小儿脾脏的病理学包括先天性异常、脾肿大、创伤、局灶性病变、梗死和肿瘤。超声检查（US）是一种广泛可用、快速、无创的成像技术，用于评估脾脏的大小、形状和位置，以及确定脾脏的回声纹理。超声检查能够筛查脾脏疾病而无电离辐射风险；它是评估疑似脾脏病变时进行的初始成像检查，为临床医生提供有用的决策支持。在小儿钝性腹部创伤中，超声检查在检测即使是极少量的腹腔积血（这是重要腹部器官损伤的先兆）方面也发挥着重要作用。此外，超声造影可能有助于早期发现脾脏损伤，理想情况下可将儿童因辐射暴露而面临的风险降至最低。这篇图文并茂的文章阐述了小儿脾脏的正常超声表现以及可能指导临床医生正确诊断病理状况的超声检查结果。
