Varga Ivan, Babala Jozef, Kachlik David
Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Spitalska 24, 813 72, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
Department of Pediatric Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and Children's Faculty Hospital, Limbová 1, 833 40, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
Surg Radiol Anat. 2018 Jan;40(1):21-29. doi: 10.1007/s00276-017-1893-0. Epub 2017 Jun 19.
A thorough understanding of the anatomy, physiology, and development of the spleen is essential for determining the pathophysiological mechanisms underpinning splenic diseases and congenital variations. The aim of this review is to briefly summarize current knowledge regarding the normal development of the spleen, and to provide an overview of clinically relevant congenital splenic variations. These include such variations as asplenia, polysplenia, hyposplenia, lobulation of spleen, accessory spleens, accessory splenic nodules, wandering spleen, splenogonadal and splenopancreatic fusion, splenic cysts, and cavernous haemangioma of the spleen. All of these congenital variations are also mentioned in internationally accepted embryological nomenclature, known as the Terminologia Embryologica. Interestingly, most patients who have these diseases are asymptomatic, and are often diagnosed only after an injury or during unrelated medical procedures. Using examples from published case reports, we highlight how an understanding of the embryology of the spleen and the etiology of its disease states would improve clinical practice.
深入了解脾脏的解剖学、生理学和发育情况，对于确定脾脏疾病和先天性变异的病理生理机制至关重要。本综述的目的是简要总结目前关于脾脏正常发育的知识，并概述临床上相关的先天性脾脏变异。这些变异包括无脾、多脾、脾功能减退、脾脏分叶、副脾、副脾结节、游走脾、脾性腺融合和脾胰融合、脾囊肿以及脾海绵状血管瘤。所有这些先天性变异在国际公认的胚胎学命名法（即《胚胎学命名法》）中也有提及。有趣的是，大多数患有这些疾病的患者没有症状，往往仅在受伤后或无关的医疗程序中才被诊断出来。我们通过已发表病例报告中的实例，强调了解脾脏胚胎学及其疾病状态的病因如何能改善临床实践。
