Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine and Sleep Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
World J Pediatr. 2019 Apr;15(2):109-116. doi: 10.1007/s12519-018-0199-6. Epub 2018 Nov 16.
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and nocturnal enuresis (NE) are common clinical problems in children. OSA and NE are thought to be interrelated, but the exact pathophysiological mechanisms are not yet clear. This review aims to explain the possible pathogenesis of NE in children with OSA.
We have retrieved all relevant original articles from Database that have been published so far, including the prevalence studies of NE and OSA in children, sleep characteristic studies that use polysomnography (PSG) to focus on children with NE, and studies on the relationship between OSA and NE.
Clinical studies have revealed that the risk of NE in children with OSA was increased compared with that of their healthy peers. This increased risk may be associated with sleep disorders, bladder instability, detrusor overactivity, nocturnal polyuria, endocrine and metabolic disorders, and inflammation.
Cardiopulmonary and renal reflex-induced neuroendocrine disorder may play an important role in the mechanism of NE in children with OSA, but this remains to be confirmed by animal studies. Other causes such as oxidative stress and inflammatory responses need to be further researched.
阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停（OSA）和夜间遗尿（NE）是儿童常见的临床问题。OSA 和 NE 被认为是相互关联的，但确切的病理生理机制尚不清楚。本综述旨在解释 OSA 儿童中 NE 的可能发病机制。
我们从迄今为止发表的所有相关原始文章中检索到了所有相关文章，包括儿童 NE 和 OSA 的患病率研究、使用多导睡眠图（PSG）重点关注 NE 儿童的睡眠特征研究，以及 OSA 和 NE 之间关系的研究。
临床研究表明，与健康同龄人相比，OSA 儿童发生 NE 的风险增加。这种风险增加可能与睡眠障碍、膀胱不稳定、逼尿肌过度活动、夜间多尿、内分泌和代谢紊乱以及炎症有关。
心肺和肾脏反射引起的神经内分泌紊乱可能在 OSA 儿童 NE 的发病机制中起重要作用，但这仍需动物研究证实。其他原因，如氧化应激和炎症反应，需要进一步研究。
