Sen Ayan, Callisen Hannelisa, Libricz Stacy, Patel Bhavesh
Department of Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, 5777 East Mayo Boulevard, Phoenix, AZ 85054, USA.
Department of Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, 5777 East Mayo Boulevard, Phoenix, AZ 85054, USA.
Crit Care Clin. 2019 Jan;35(1):169-186. doi: 10.1016/j.ccc.2018.08.011. Epub 2018 Oct 25.
Despite improvements in overall graft function and patient survival rates after solid organ transplantation, complications can lead to significant morbidity and mortality. Cardiovascular complications include heart failure, arrhythmias leading to sudden death, hypertension, left ventricular hypertrophy, and allograft vasculopathy in heart transplantation. Neurologic complications include stroke, posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome, infections, neuromuscular disease, seizure disorders, and neoplastic disease. Acute kidney injury occurs from immunosuppression with calcineurin inhibitors or as a result of graft failure after kidney transplantation. Gastrointestinal complications include infections, malignancy, mucosal ulceration, perforation, biliary tract disease, pancreatitis, and diverticular disease. Immunosuppression can predispose to infections and malignancy.
尽管实体器官移植后整体移植物功能和患者生存率有所提高，但并发症仍可导致严重的发病和死亡。心血管并发症包括心力衰竭、导致猝死的心律失常、高血压、左心室肥厚以及心脏移植中的移植物血管病变。神经并发症包括中风、后部可逆性脑病综合征、感染、神经肌肉疾病、癫痫障碍和肿瘤性疾病。急性肾损伤可由钙调神经磷酸酶抑制剂的免疫抑制作用引起，或因肾移植后移植物功能衰竭导致。胃肠道并发症包括感染、恶性肿瘤、黏膜溃疡、穿孔、胆道疾病、胰腺炎和憩室病。免疫抑制可使患者易发生感染和恶性肿瘤。
