University of Vienna , Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology , Währingerstraße 38 , 1090 Vienna , Austria.
Department of Microbiology , Babcock University , Ilishan Remo , Ogun State , Nigeria.
Anal Chem. 2018 Dec 18;90(24):14569-14577. doi: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b04576. Epub 2018 Nov 30.
Infants are particularly susceptible toward the toxic effects of food contaminants, including mycotoxins. However, multimycotoxin exposure assessment in breast milk has received very limited attention so far, resulting in a poor understanding of coexposures during early life. Here, we present the development and application of a highly sensitive, specific, and quantitative assay assessing up to 28 mycotoxins, including regulated (aflatoxins, ochratoxin A, deoxynivalenol, zearalenone) and emerging mycotoxins as well as key metabolites by LC-MS/MS. After careful optimization of the sample preparation procedure, a QuEChERS protocol combined with a freeze-out step was validated in-house. The limits of quantification varied between 0.009 and 2.9 ng/mL, and for most analytes extraction recovery (74-116%) and intermediate precision (2-20%) were satisfactory. The method was applied to examine multiple breast milk samples obtained from 22 women ( n = 75 in total) from Ogun State, Nigeria. Most samples were either entirely free of mycotoxins or contaminated to a minimal extent with beauvericin (56%), enniatin B (9%), ochratoxin A (15%), and aflatoxin M (1%). The most abundant mycotoxin was beauvericin, which was not reported in this biological fluid before, with concentrations up to 0.019 ng/mL. In conclusion, the method demonstrated to be fit for purpose to determine and quantify low background contaminations in human breast milk. On the basis of the high sensitivity of the novel analytical method, it was possible to deduce that tolerable daily intake values were not exceeded by breastfeeding in the examined infants.
婴儿尤其容易受到食物污染物（包括霉菌毒素）的毒性影响。然而，迄今为止，母乳中多霉菌毒素暴露评估的关注度非常有限，导致对生命早期共同暴露的认识不足。在这里，我们开发并应用了一种高灵敏度、特异性和定量检测方法，可同时检测多达 28 种霉菌毒素，包括规定的（黄曲霉毒素、赭曲霉毒素 A、脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇、玉米赤霉烯酮）和新兴霉菌毒素以及关键代谢物，采用 LC-MS/MS 进行分析。经过仔细优化样品制备程序，在内部验证了 QuEChERS 方案结合冷冻步骤。定量限在 0.009 至 2.9ng/mL 之间变化，对于大多数分析物，提取回收率（74-116%）和中间精密度（2-20%）令人满意。该方法应用于检测来自尼日利亚奥贡州的 22 名女性（共 75 名）的多个母乳样本。大多数样本要么完全没有霉菌毒素，要么只受到微量污染，主要污染物是 beauvericin（56%）、恩镰孢菌素 B（9%）、赭曲霉毒素 A（15%）和黄曲霉毒素 M（1%）。最丰富的霉菌毒素是 beauvericin，这是以前在这种生物液中未报道过的，浓度高达 0.019ng/mL。总之，该方法适用于检测和定量人母乳中的低背景污染。基于新型分析方法的高灵敏度，可以推断出所检查婴儿的母乳喂养没有超过耐受日摄入量值。
