Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, Eye Institute, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western, Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
Advanced Eye Centre, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
Indian J Ophthalmol. 2018 Dec;66(12):1716-1726. doi: 10.4103/ijo.IJO_893_18.
A structurally and functionally intact choroid tissue is vitally important for the retina function. Although central retinal artery is responsible to supply the inner retina, choroidal vein network is responsible for the remaining one-third of the external part. Abnormal choroidal blood flow leads to photoreceptor dysfunction and photoreceptor death in the retina, and the choroid has vital roles in the pathophysiology of many diseases such as central serous chorioretinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, pathologic myopia, Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease. Biomarkers of choroidal diseases can be identified in various imaging modalities that visualize the choroid. Indocyanine green angiography enables the visualization of choroid veins under the retinal pigment epithelium and choroidal blood flow. New insights into a precise structural and functional analysis of the choroid have been possible, thanks to recent progress in retinal imaging based on enhanced depth imaging (EDI) and swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) technologies. Long-wavelength SS-OCT enables the choroid and the choroid-sclera interface to be imaged at greater depth and to quantify choroidal thickness profiles throughout a volume scan, thus exposing the morphology of intermediate and large choroidal vessels. Finally, OCT angiography allows a dye-free evaluation of the blood flow in the choriocapillaris and in the choroid. We hereby review different imaging findings of choroidal diseases that can be used as biomarkers of activity and response to the treatment.
脉络膜组织在结构和功能上保持完整对于视网膜功能至关重要。虽然中央视网膜动脉负责供应视网膜内层，但脉络膜静脉网络负责供应其余三分之一的外部部分。脉络膜血流异常会导致视网膜感光细胞功能障碍和感光细胞死亡，脉络膜在许多疾病的病理生理学中起着重要作用，如中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变、年龄相关性黄斑变性、病理性近视、Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada 病。可以在各种可视化脉络膜的成像方式中识别脉络膜疾病的生物标志物。吲哚菁绿血管造影可使视网膜色素上皮下的脉络膜静脉和脉络膜血流可视化。基于增强深度成像 (EDI) 和扫频源光学相干断层扫描 (SS-OCT) 技术的视网膜成像的最新进展，使人们能够对脉络膜进行精确的结构和功能分析。长波长 SS-OCT 能够更深入地成像脉络膜和脉络膜-巩膜界面，并在整个体积扫描中定量测量脉络膜厚度轮廓，从而暴露中间和大脉络膜血管的形态。最后，OCT 血管造影可在无需染料的情况下评估脉络膜毛细血管和脉络膜的血流。本文综述了脉络膜疾病的不同影像学表现，可作为疾病活动性和治疗反应的生物标志物。
