Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences & Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo, 11835, Egypt.
Sci Rep. 2018 Nov 19;8(1):17028. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-35368-6.
Flavors profiling in flavored hookah tobacco is an issue of increasing scrutiny for the health sector owing to its adverse effects on humans, especially being heated to produce smoke. This study aims at tackling the components involved in the flavored hookah tobacco from a chemical and biological point of view. Detecting individual flavor compounds, within a complex hookah tobacco matrix was accomplished using headspace solid phase microextraction (SPME). A total of 114 volatiles were identified in 13 flavored hookah tobacco products, with esters amounting for the major component up to 40%. Whereas oxygenated monoterpenes presented another major volatile class, contributing up to 23%, including (E)-anethole. Superheating flavored hookah tobacco at 190 °C resulted in the release of a mixture of phenol derivatives and polycyclic aromatic compounds that are indicative of coal tar, a major component produced during hookah tobacco usage with potential health hazards. This study provides the first comprehensive volatile profile of hookah tobacco products from different origins identifying chemical components involved in flavors. It is expected to serve as informative grounds for the better understanding of hookah tobacco production and usage. The information presented is also expected to raise awareness on the health risks of hookah tobacco smoking.
调味水烟烟草的风味分析是健康领域日益受到关注的问题，因为它对人类健康有不良影响，尤其是在加热产生烟雾时。本研究旨在从化学和生物学的角度来解决调味水烟烟草中的成分问题。使用顶空固相微萃取（SPME）检测到 13 种调味水烟烟草产品中的 114 种挥发性化合物，其中酯类化合物达到 40%，是主要成分。而含氧单萜类化合物则是另一种主要的挥发性化合物，达到 23%，其中包括(E)-茴香脑。将调味水烟烟草在 190°C 下超温加热会释放出混合物，其中包括酚类衍生物和多环芳烃化合物，这些物质是煤焦油的主要成分，煤焦油是水烟烟草使用过程中产生的一种潜在健康危害物质。本研究首次提供了来自不同产地的水烟烟草产品的全面挥发性特征图谱，确定了风味中涉及的化学成分。这有望为更好地了解水烟烟草的生产和使用提供信息基础。同时，本研究还旨在提高人们对水烟烟草吸烟健康风险的认识。
