Hunan University of Medicine, No. 492 Jinxi South Road, Huaihua, 418000, Hunan, China.
Huaihua Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Huaihua, China.
BMC Public Health. 2018 Nov 19;18(1):1267. doi: 10.1186/s12889-018-6207-x.
Anemia is one of the most common diseases of childhood and is a health problem globally, particularly in developing counties and in children less than 2 years of age. Anemia during childhood has short- and long-term effects on health. However, few studies have investigated the prevalence of anemia among children in Huaihua. Therefore, this study analyzed the prevalence and risk factors of anemia among children 6 to 23 months of age in Huaihua.
This cross-sectional study was conducted at a maternal and child health care hospital in Huaihua, from September to November 2017. The study population recruited using a multistage sampling technique. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data on the characteristics of the children and members of their families. Hemoglobin (Hb) levels were measured by using a microchemical reaction method. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify associated factors and odds ratio with 95% CI was computed to assess the strength of association.
In total, 4450 children were included in this study. The prevalence of anemia was 29.73%. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, the results show that mother and father of Miao ethnicity (OR = 1.23 and 1.31), diarrhea in the previous 2 weeks (OR = 1.35), breastfeeding in the prior 24 h (OR = 1.50), and caregivers able to identify the optimum timing of complementary feeding (OR = 1.15) had positive correlations with anemia. However, children aged 18 to 23 months (OR = 0.55), father of Dong ethnicity (OR = 0.82), addition of milk powder once or twice (OR = 0.71), addition of infant formula once or twice, three times, and four or more times in the previous 24 h (OR = 0.72, 0.70, and 0.75), and addition of a nutrient sachet four or more times in the prior week (OR = 0.70) were negatively associated with anemia.
The prevalence of anemia among children 6 to 23 months of age in Huaihua was higher than that in more developed regions of China. The feeding practice of caregivers was associated with anemia. nutrition improvement projects are needed to reduce the burden of anemia among children in Huaihua.
贫血是儿童最常见的疾病之一，也是一个全球性的健康问题，尤其是在发展中国家和 2 岁以下的儿童中。儿童期贫血会对健康产生短期和长期影响。然而，很少有研究调查过怀化儿童贫血的患病率。因此，本研究分析了怀化 6 至 23 月龄儿童贫血的患病率和危险因素。
本横断面研究于 2017 年 9 月至 11 月在怀化市妇幼保健院进行。采用多阶段抽样技术抽取研究人群。使用结构化问卷收集儿童及其家庭成员特征的数据。采用微量化学反应法测量血红蛋白（Hb）水平。采用 logistic 回归分析识别相关因素，计算 95%CI 的比值比（OR）以评估关联强度。
本研究共纳入 4450 名儿童。贫血患病率为 29.73%。多因素 logistic 回归分析结果显示，苗族儿童的母亲（OR=1.23）和父亲（OR=1.31）、前 2 周腹泻（OR=1.35）、24 小时内母乳喂养（OR=1.50）和能够识别最佳补充喂养时机的照顾者（OR=1.15）与贫血呈正相关。然而，18 至 23 月龄儿童（OR=0.55）、侗族儿童的父亲（OR=0.82）、每天添加 1 次或 2 次奶粉（OR=0.71）、每天添加 1 次或 2 次、3 次和 4 次或更多次婴儿配方奶粉（OR=0.70、0.70 和 0.75）以及前一周每天添加 4 次或更多次营养包（OR=0.70）与贫血呈负相关。
怀化 6 至 23 月龄儿童贫血患病率高于中国较发达地区。照顾者的喂养行为与贫血有关。需要开展营养改善项目，以降低怀化儿童的贫血负担。
