Desalegn Wolide Amare, Mossie Andualem, Gedefaw Lealem
Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Public Health and Medical Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.
Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Pathology, College of Public Health and Medical Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.
PLoS One. 2014 Dec 1;9(12):e114059. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114059. eCollection 2014.
Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is a global public health problem among school age children, which retards psychomotor development and impairs cognitive performance. There is limited data on prevalence and risk factors for IDA.
The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence, severity, and predictors of nutritional IDA in school age children in Southwest Ethiopia.
A community based cross-sectional study was conducted in Jimma Town, Southwest Ethiopia from April to July 2013. A total of 616 school children aged 6 to 12 years were included in the study using multistage sampling technique. A structured questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic data. Five milliliter venous blood was collected from each child for hematological examinations. Anemia was defined as a hemoglobin level lower than 11.5 g/dl and 12 g/dl for age group of 5-11 years and 12-15 years, respectively. Iron deficiency anemia was defined when serum iron and ferritin levels are below 10 µmol/l and 15 µg/dl, respectively. Moreover, fresh stool specimen was collected for diagnosis of intestinal parasitic infection. Stained thick and thin blood films were examined for detection of Plasmodium infection and study of red blood cell morphology. Dietary patterns of the study subjects were assessed using food frequency questionnaire and anthropometric measurements were done. Data were analyzed using SPSS V-20.0 for windows.
Overall, prevalence of anemia was 43.7%, and that of IDA was 37.4%. Not-consuming protein source foods [AOR = 2.30, 95%CI(1.04,5.14)], not-consuming dairy products [AOR = 1.83, 95%CI(1.14,5.14)], not-consuming discretionary calories [AOR = 2.77, 95%CI(1.42,5.40)], low family income [AOR = 6.14, 95%CI(2.90,12.9)] and intestinal parasitic infections [AOR = 1.45, 95%CI(1.23, 5. 27)] were predictors of IDA.
Iron deficiency anemia is a moderate public health problem in the study site. Dietary deficiencies and intestinal parasitic infections were predictors of IDA. Therefore, emphasis should be given to the strategies for the prevention of risk factors for IDA.
缺铁性贫血（IDA）是学龄儿童中一个全球性的公共卫生问题，它会阻碍精神运动发育并损害认知能力。关于IDA患病率及危险因素的数据有限。
本研究旨在确定埃塞俄比亚西南部学龄儿童营养性IDA的患病率、严重程度及预测因素。
2013年4月至7月在埃塞俄比亚西南部的吉马镇开展了一项基于社区的横断面研究。采用多阶段抽样技术，共纳入616名6至12岁的学童。使用结构化问卷收集社会人口学数据。从每个儿童采集5毫升静脉血用于血液学检查。贫血定义为5至11岁年龄组血红蛋白水平低于11.5克/分升，12至15岁年龄组低于12克/分升。当血清铁和铁蛋白水平分别低于10微摩尔/升和15微克/分升时定义为缺铁性贫血。此外，采集新鲜粪便标本用于诊断肠道寄生虫感染。检查染色后的厚薄血涂片以检测疟原虫感染并研究红细胞形态。使用食物频率问卷评估研究对象的饮食模式并进行人体测量。数据采用SPSS V-20.0 for windows软件进行分析。
总体而言，贫血患病率为43.7%，IDA患病率为37.4%。不食用蛋白质来源食物[AOR = 2.30，95%CI（1.04，5.14）]、不食用乳制品[AOR = 1.83，95%CI（1.14，5.）]、不食用自由支配热量食物[AOR = 2.77，95%CI（1.42，5.40）]、家庭收入低[AOR = 6.14，95%CI（2.90，12.9）]以及肠道寄生虫感染[AOR = 1.45，95%CI（1.23，5.27）]是IDA的预测因素。
缺铁性贫血在研究地点是一个中度公共卫生问题。饮食缺乏和肠道寄生虫感染是IDA的预测因素。因此，应重视预防IDA危险因素的策略。
