Lanfranconi Lucia M, Berger Fabian, Stremlow Jürgen
Hochschule Luzern - Soziale Arbeit, Werftestraße 1, 2945, 6002, Luzern, Schweiz.
Careum Forschung, Kalaidos Fachhochschule Zürich, Zürich, Schweiz.
Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz. 2019 Jan;62(1):64-72. doi: 10.1007/s00103-018-2847-3.
The Swiss welfare state is marked by strong federalism and subsidiarity, e. g. when it comes to social and health policies. This contribution presents findings of the first national study on self-help in Switzerland.This contribution is based on three sub-projects: 1. an oral and an online survey of the management personnel of the national organization Self-help Switzerland (Selbsthilfe Schweiz) and all regional self-help centers; 2. a quantitative-descriptive evaluation of the Self-help Switzerland's database with over 2500 self-help groups; and 3. twelve semi-structured interviews with experts from the social and health system.Little support is given at the national level to the self-help system. While Self-help Switzerland deals with topics of national importance, promotion of self-help has so far primarily been the domain of the regional self-help centers. This led to large regional differences in the dissemination and the development of self-help groups. There are also regional disparities in the cooperation between self-help groups and centers with the professionals and institutions from the social and health system.Self-help is discussed as characteristic for the federalist and subsidiary culture of the Swiss welfare state. The current self-help landscape is regionally based and locally financed. There is a substantial need for development on the national level: a legal base is required as well as stronger funding for self-help support and initiatives for self-help friendliness.
瑞士福利国家的特点是强大的联邦制和辅助性原则，例如在社会和卫生政策方面。本论文展示了瑞士第一项关于自助的全国性研究的结果。本论文基于三个子项目：1. 对瑞士自助组织（Self-help Switzerland，德语为Selbsthilfe Schweiz）的管理人员以及所有地区自助中心进行口头和在线调查；2. 对拥有2500多个自助小组的瑞士自助组织数据库进行定量描述性评估；3. 对社会和卫生系统的专家进行12次半结构化访谈。国家层面给予自助系统的支持很少。虽然瑞士自助组织处理具有国家重要性的议题，但迄今为止，自助推广主要是地区自助中心的工作领域。这导致了自助小组的传播和发展在地区上存在很大差异。自助小组和中心与社会和卫生系统的专业人员及机构之间的合作也存在地区差异。自助被视为瑞士福利国家联邦制和辅助性文化的特征。当前的自助格局以地区为基础且由地方提供资金。在国家层面有很大的发展需求：需要一个法律基础，以及对自助支持和自助友好倡议的更强有力的资金支持。
