Kofahl C, Mnich E, Staszczukova P, Hollmann J, Trojan A, Kohler S
Universitätsklinikum Hamburg Eppendorf, Zentrum für Psychosoziale Medizin, Institut für Medizin-Soziologie, Martinistrasse 52, Hamburg.
Gesundheitswesen. 2010 Oct;72(10):729-38. doi: 10.1055/s-0029-1239566. Epub 2009 Nov 4.
The majority of the German population can envisage a membership in self-help groups or organisations when this should become relevant. As a matter of fact, only relatively few people are attending joint self-help activities. However, a significant number of members is important for self-help organisations (SHO) for self-organisation, lobbyism and (political) influence. Many SHOs in Germany are dissatisfied with their membership development and are therefore looking for better recruitment and activation strategies. The project "Activating Potentials for Joint Self-help Activities" (funded by the statutory health insurance fund BKK BV 10/2006-04/2009) is a participative collaboration between scientists, practitioners and SHO representatives to develop strategies and methods to promote access to joint self-help activities. In co-operation with the BAG SELBSTHILFE (a National HCPO Alliance) and the NAKOS (the National Clearing House for the Encouragement and Support of Self-Help Groups) 322 boards of national level SHOs were contacted in late 2007 and asked to complete a questionnaire on membership development, recruitment strategies and measures to activate members for voluntary commitment. 50% returned the questionnaire. The results were fed back in a transfer workshop in August 2008 and discussed with 60 representatives of SHOs. Their views are integrated in this paper. Despite all claimed stagnation or decline in membership development, the results show stability or increases over the last two years. Furthermore, the majority of SHOs was founded from the 1990 s until today, specifically in the areas of rare and chronic diseases. This development is based on a better socio-political recognition and promotion of self-help activities, self-help groups and SHOs as well as in better communication technologies. The views on the co-operation between SHOs and social service and health care providers are controversial: Positive and negative experience is more or less balanced. Then the openness and self-reflection of the workshop and survey participants is remarkable. In the context of a growing patient orientation in the health-care system participative co-operation in research and development will become more meaningful.
大多数德国民众认为，在有需要时加入自助团体或组织是可行的。事实上，只有相对较少的人参加联合自助活动。然而，大量成员对于自助组织的自我组织、游说及（政治）影响力而言至关重要。德国许多自助组织对其成员发展情况不满，因此正在寻求更好的招募和激活策略。“激活联合自助活动的潜力”项目（由法定医疗保险基金BKK BV于2006年10月至2009年4月资助）是科学家、从业者和自助组织代表之间的参与性合作项目，旨在制定促进参与联合自助活动的策略和方法。2007年末，与德国自助组织全国联盟BAG SELBSTHILFE及国家自助团体鼓励与支持信息中心NAKOS合作，联系了322个国家级自助组织的理事会，并要求其填写一份关于成员发展、招募策略以及激励成员自愿参与的措施的调查问卷。50%的组织回复了问卷。2008年8月，在一次成果汇报研讨会上反馈了结果，并与60名自助组织代表进行了讨论。他们的观点已纳入本文。尽管所有组织都声称成员发展停滞或下降，但结果显示在过去两年中成员数量保持稳定或有所增加。此外，大多数自助组织是在20世纪90年代至今成立的，特别是在罕见病和慢性病领域。这一发展基于社会政治对自助活动及自助团体和组织的认可度和推广力度提高，以及通信技术的进步。对于自助组织与社会服务及医疗保健提供者之间的合作，各方观点存在争议：正面和负面经历大致相当。研讨会和调查参与者的开放态度和自我反思精神值得注意。在医疗保健系统日益以患者为导向的背景下，研发中的参与性合作将变得更有意义。
