Kumagai Yuiko, Matsui Ryosuke, Tanaka Toshihisa
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan.
RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan.
Front Hum Neurosci. 2018 Nov 6;12:444. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2018.00444. eCollection 2018.
To investigate the brain's response to music, many researchers have examined cortical entrainment in relation to periodic tunes, periodic beats, and music. Music familiarity is another factor that affects cortical entrainment, and electroencephalogram (EEG) studies have shown that stronger entrainment occurs while listening to unfamiliar music than while listening to familiar music. In the present study, we hypothesized that not only the level of familiarity but also the level of attention affects the level of entrainment. We simultaneously presented music and a silent movie to participants and we recorded an EEG while participants paid attention to either the music or the movie in order to investigate whether cortical entrainment is related to attention and music familiarity. The average cross-correlation function across channels, trials, and participants exhibited a pronounced positive peak at time lags around 130 ms and a negative peak at time lags around 260 ms. The statistical analysis of the two peaks revealed that the level of attention did not affect the level of entrainment, and, moreover, that in both the auditory-active and visual-active conditions, the entrainment level is stronger when listening to unfamiliar music than when listening to familiar music. This may indicate that the familiarity with music affects cortical activities when attention is not fully devoted to listening to music.
为了研究大脑对音乐的反应，许多研究人员已经研究了与周期性曲调、周期性节拍和音乐相关的皮层同步。音乐熟悉度是另一个影响皮层同步的因素，脑电图（EEG）研究表明，在听不熟悉的音乐时比听熟悉的音乐时会出现更强的同步。在本研究中，我们假设不仅熟悉程度，而且注意力水平也会影响同步程度。我们同时向参与者呈现音乐和无声电影，并在参与者关注音乐或电影时记录脑电图，以研究皮层同步是否与注意力和音乐熟悉度有关。跨通道、试验和参与者的平均互相关函数在大约130毫秒的时间滞后处呈现出明显的正峰值，在大约260毫秒的时间滞后处呈现出负峰值。对这两个峰值的统计分析表明，注意力水平不会影响同步程度，此外，在听觉活跃和视觉活跃条件下，听不熟悉的音乐时的同步程度比听熟悉的音乐时更强。这可能表明，当注意力没有完全集中在听音乐上时，对音乐的熟悉程度会影响皮层活动。
