Rodrigues Filipe, Bento Teresa, Cid Luís, Pereira Neiva Henrique, Teixeira Diogo, Moutão João, Almeida Marinho Daniel, Monteiro Diogo
Department of Sports Sciences, Beira-Interior University, Covilhã, Portugal.
Research Center in Sport Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, Vila Real, Portugal.
Front Psychol. 2018 Nov 6;9:2141. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02141. eCollection 2018.
Motivation seems to be a fundamental indicator of long-term physical exercise adherence. Self-Determination Theory (SDT) argues that social environment plays a central role in the satisfaction of basic psychological needs, which might directly affect the quality of one's motivation. Individuals who appear to be more self-determined tend to persist longer at certain behaviors. Therefore, this body of work intends to analyze the relationship between motivational variables and behavioral outcomes in the exercise context, having as theoretical background the Self-Determination Theory. This systematic review was conducted through an electronic search on Web of Science, PubMed, SPORTDiscus, and PsycINFO. Data such as instruments, main predictors and results were collected from studies published between 1985 and 2018. A total of 35 empirical studies were considered for a detailed analysis. Results showed the relevance of autonomy support performed by exercise professionals, as well as the major contribution that these behaviors have toward the satisfaction of basic psychological needs, besides the inherent benefits of developing more autonomous regulations. According to the literature, few studies have analyzed interpersonal thwarting behavior and the way this relates to basic psychological needs' frustration. Nether less, there seems to be a negative relationship between less self-determined regulations and exercise practice. Despite the existence of numerous cross-sectional studies that demonstrate positive correlations between SDT and behavioral outcomes in the exercise context, longitudinal research that analyzes all six dimensions of interpersonal behaviors and their relationship with persistence and adherence to exercise proves to be crucial. However, according to this review, interventions based on SDT appear to be fundamental when it comes to promote the maintenance of a long-term exercise practice.
动机似乎是长期坚持体育锻炼的一个基本指标。自我决定理论（SDT）认为，社会环境在基本心理需求的满足中起着核心作用，这可能直接影响一个人的动机质量。看起来更具自我决定性的个体往往在某些行为上坚持的时间更长。因此，这项工作旨在以自我决定理论为理论背景，分析运动情境中动机变量与行为结果之间的关系。本系统综述通过在科学网、PubMed、SPORTDiscus和PsycINFO上进行电子检索来开展。从1985年至2018年发表的研究中收集了诸如工具、主要预测因素和结果等数据。总共35项实证研究被纳入详细分析。结果表明了运动专业人员提供的自主支持的相关性，以及这些行为除了发展更多自主调节的内在益处之外，对基本心理需求满足的重大贡献。根据文献，很少有研究分析人际阻碍行为及其与基本心理需求受挫的关系。尽管如此，自我决定性较低的调节与运动实践之间似乎存在负相关关系。尽管存在大量横断面研究表明在运动情境中自我决定理论与行为结果之间存在正相关，但分析人际行为的所有六个维度及其与坚持和持续锻炼的关系的纵向研究被证明至关重要。然而，根据本综述，基于自我决定理论的干预措施在促进长期运动实践的维持方面似乎至关重要。
