Srinivasan Rajagopalbabu, Abney Mark R, Lai Pin-Chu, Culbreath Albert K, Tallury Shyam, Leal-Bertioli Soraya C M
Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA, United States.
Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, United States.
Front Plant Sci. 2018 Nov 6;9:1604. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01604. eCollection 2018.
Thrips are major pests of peanut ( L.) worldwide, and they serve as vectors of devastating orthotospoviruses such as (TSWV) and (GBNV). A tremendous effort has been devoted to developing peanut cultivars with resistance to orthotospoviruses. Consequently, cultivars with moderate field resistance to viruses exist, but not much is known about host resistance to thrips. Integrating host plant resistance to thrips in peanut could suppress thrips feeding damage and reduce virus transmission, will decrease insecticide usage, and enhance sustainability in the production system. This review focuses on details of thrips resistance in peanut and identifies future directions for incorporating thrips resistance in peanut cultivars. Research on thrips-host interactions in peanut is predominantly limited to field evaluations of feeding damage, though, laboratory studies have revealed that peanut cultivars could differentially affect thrips feeding and thrips biology. Many runner type cultivars, field resistant to TSWV, representing diverse pedigrees evaluated against thrips in the greenhouse revealed that thrips preferred some cultivars over others, suggesting that antixenosis "non-preference" could contribute to thrips resistance in peanut. In other crops, morphological traits such as leaf architecture and waxiness and spectral reflectance have been associated with thrips non-preference. It is not clear if foliar morphological traits in peanut are associated with reduced preference or non-preference of thrips and need to be evaluated. Besides thrips non-preference, thrips larval survival to adulthood and median developmental time were negatively affected in some peanut cultivars and in a diploid peanut species (Hoehne) and its hybrids with a Virginia type cultivar, indicating that antibiosis (negative effects on biology) could also be a factor influencing thrips resistance in peanut. Available field resistance to orthotospoviruses in peanut is not complete, and cultivars can suffer substantial yield loss under high thrips and virus pressure. Integrating thrips resistance with available virus resistance would be ideal to limit losses. A discussion of modern technologies such as transgenic resistance, marker assisted selection and RNA interference, and future directions that could be undertaken to integrate resistance to thrips and to orthotospoviruses in peanut cultivars is included in this article.
蓟马是全球花生的主要害虫，它们是番茄斑萎病毒（TSWV）和花生黄斑坏死病毒（GBNV）等毁灭性正番茄斑萎病毒属病毒的传播媒介。人们付出了巨大努力来培育抗正番茄斑萎病毒属病毒的花生品种。因此，存在对病毒具有中等田间抗性的品种，但对于寄主对蓟马的抗性了解不多。将花生对蓟马的寄主植物抗性整合起来，可以抑制蓟马取食造成的损害并减少病毒传播，将减少杀虫剂的使用，并提高生产系统的可持续性。本综述重点关注花生中蓟马抗性的细节，并确定将蓟马抗性纳入花生品种的未来方向。尽管花生中蓟马与寄主相互作用的研究主要限于对取食损害的田间评估，但实验室研究表明，花生品种可能对蓟马取食和蓟马生物学有不同影响。许多对TSWV具有田间抗性的蔓生型品种，代表了在温室中针对蓟马评估的不同谱系，结果表明蓟马对某些品种的偏好高于其他品种，这表明排趋性（“非偏好性”）可能有助于花生对蓟马的抗性。在其他作物中，叶片结构、蜡质和光谱反射率等形态特征与蓟马的非偏好性有关。目前尚不清楚花生的叶片形态特征是否与蓟马偏好降低或非偏好有关，需要进行评估。除了蓟马非偏好性外，在一些花生品种以及二倍体花生物种Arachis cardenasii（Hoehne）及其与弗吉尼亚型品种的杂交种中，蓟马幼虫到成虫的存活率和中位发育时间受到负面影响，这表明抗生性（对生物学的负面影响）也可能是影响花生对蓟马抗性的一个因素。花生目前对正番茄斑萎病毒属病毒的田间抗性并不完全，在高蓟马和病毒压力下，品种可能遭受严重的产量损失。将蓟马抗性与现有的病毒抗性整合起来将是限制损失的理想选择。本文还讨论了转基因抗性、标记辅助选择和RNA干扰等现代技术，以及未来在花生品种中整合对蓟马和正番茄斑萎病毒属病毒抗性的方向。
