Culbreath A K, Tillman B L, Gorbet D W, Holbrook C C, Nischwitz C
Professor, Department of Plant Pathology, The University of Georgia Coastal Plain Experiment Station, Tifton 31793-0748.
Assistant Professor.
Plant Dis. 2008 Sep;92(9):1307-1312. doi: 10.1094/PDIS-92-9-1307.
Field experiments were conducted at Marianna, FL in 2006 and Tifton, GA in 2006 and 2007 to compare new peanut (Arachis hypogaea) cultivars to the moderately resistant cv. Georgia Green and the highly resistant cv. AP-3 for field resistance to Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), genus Tospovirus, and to determine the effects of in-furrow application of phorate insecticide and use of twin-row versus single-row patterns on incidence of spotted wilt in these cultivars. Cvs. Georgia Green, AP-3, Georgia-03L, Georgia-01R, Florida-07, McCloud, and York were evaluated in all five experiments, and Tifguard was added in experiments at Tifton. All cultivars except McCloud had lower incidence of spotted wilt than Georgia Green in all experiments. McCloud was intermediate in resistance to TSWV and had lower incidence of spotted wilt than Georgia Green in four of five experiments. Use of the twin-row pattern also reduced incidence of spotted wilt in McCloud in both years. On Georgia Green, phorate reduced incidence of spotted wilt in 2007 and twin-row pattern reduced incidence in both years. Phorate had no effect on spotted wilt in AP-3, Georgia-03L, McCloud, Georgia-01R, or Tifguard in either year. Twin-row pattern reduced either final incidence or area under the disease progress curve in all cultivars in at least 1 year of the study. All of these new cultivars should reduce the risk of losses to spotted wilt compared with Georgia Green. In highly resistant cultivars, especially AP-3, York, and Tifguard, use of phorate insecticide or twin-row pattern may not be necessary, and may not provide noticeable benefit in reduction of spotted wilt or increased yield.
2006年在佛罗里达州玛丽安娜以及2006年和2007年在佐治亚州蒂夫顿开展了田间试验，比较新花生（落花生）品种与中度抗病品种佐治亚格林以及高抗品种AP - 3对番茄斑萎病毒（TSWV，番茄斑萎病毒属）的田间抗性，并确定沟施甲拌磷杀虫剂以及采用双行种植模式与单行种植模式对这些品种斑萎发病率的影响。在所有五项试验中对佐治亚格林、AP - 3、佐治亚03L、佐治亚01R、佛罗里达07、麦克劳德和约克等品种进行了评估，在蒂夫顿的试验中增加了蒂夫加德品种。在所有试验中，除麦克劳德外的所有品种的斑萎发病率均低于佐治亚格林。麦克劳德对TSWV的抗性处于中等水平，在五项试验中的四项试验中其斑萎发病率低于佐治亚格林。采用双行种植模式在这两年也降低了麦克劳德的斑萎发病率。在佐治亚格林品种上，甲拌磷在2007年降低了斑萎发病率，双行种植模式在两年中均降低了发病率。甲拌磷在任何一年对AP - 3、佐治亚03L、麦克劳德、佐治亚01R或蒂夫加德的斑萎病均无影响。在该研究至少1年的时间里，双行种植模式降低了所有品种的最终发病率或病害进展曲线下的面积。与佐治亚格林相比，所有这些新品种都应能降低因斑萎病造成损失的风险。在高抗品种中，尤其是AP - 3、约克和蒂夫加德，可能无需使用甲拌磷杀虫剂或采用双行种植模式，而且在降低斑萎病发病率或提高产量方面可能不会带来显著益处。
