Wang Ying, Zhang Mei, Zhao Lifang, Zhang Wei, Zhao Ting, Chu Jingxuan, Qiu Yanhao, Gong Hangyuan, Li Ruijin
Institute of Environmental Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China.
Ecotoxicology. 2019 Jan;28(1):1-12. doi: 10.1007/s10646-018-1987-4. Epub 2018 Nov 20.
TetrabromobisphenolA (TBBPA) is the most widely used brominated flame retardant, and it has the characteristics of persistent organic pollutants (POPs), attracting considerable attention. Many studies mainly focus on TBBPA toxicological effects in aquatic animals and rodents, but the ecotoxicology data of TBBPA on plant-soil system are limited so far. In this study, we assessed the impacts of TBBPA on maize (Zea mays L.) physiological indexes, soil enzyme activity, and soil microbial biomass at different concentrations of TBBPA (0, 0.75, 3.75, 7.5, 15, 37.5 and 75 mg·kg) and explored their relationships. Results showed that the maize physiological indexes and chlorophyll contents were significantly decreased by TBBPA, the activities of anti-oxidative enzymes including catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) were remarkably enhanced. Meanwhile, TBBPA activated the CAT, POD and PPO activities in soil. The low concentrations TBBPA promoted the activities of soil urease (S-UE), neutral phosphatase (S-PE) and increased the soil microbial biomass carbon (SMBC) and nitrogen (SMBN) while the high concentrations TBBPA suppressed them. Notably, the data indicated microbial biomass had respectively a significant correlation with CAT, PPO and S-UE in soil in the presence of TBBPA, and maize chlorophyll contents were associated with SMBN, CAT, and PPO. Taken together, TBBPA caused soil pollution, affected soil enzyme activities and microbial biomass, and hindered maize growth under the current experimental condition, suggesting the interactions among maize growth, soil enzyme, soil microorganism in maize rhizosphere of TBBPA-polluted soils are very important aspects to comprehensively evaluate the ecotoxicological effects of TBBPA.
四溴双酚A（TBBPA）是使用最广泛的溴化阻燃剂，具有持久性有机污染物（POPs）的特征，备受关注。许多研究主要聚焦于TBBPA对水生动物和啮齿动物的毒理学效应，但目前TBBPA对植物 - 土壤系统的生态毒理学数据有限。在本研究中，我们评估了不同浓度（0、0.75、3.75、7.5、15、37.5和75 mg·kg）的TBBPA对玉米（Zea mays L.）生理指标、土壤酶活性和土壤微生物生物量的影响，并探讨了它们之间的关系。结果表明，TBBPA显著降低了玉米的生理指标和叶绿素含量，显著提高了包括过氧化氢酶（CAT）、过氧化物酶（POD）和多酚氧化酶（PPO）在内的抗氧化酶活性以及丙二醛（MDA）含量。同时，TBBPA激活了土壤中的CAT、POD和PPO活性。低浓度TBBPA促进了土壤脲酶（S - UE）、中性磷酸酶（S - PE）的活性，并增加了土壤微生物生物量碳（SMBC）和氮（SMBN），而高浓度TBBPA则抑制了它们。值得注意的是，数据表明在TBBPA存在的情况下，微生物生物量与土壤中的CAT、PPO和S - UE分别具有显著相关性，玉米叶绿素含量与SMBN、CAT和PPO相关。综上所述，在当前实验条件下，TBBPA造成了土壤污染，影响了土壤酶活性和微生物生物量，阻碍了玉米生长，表明TBBPA污染土壤的玉米根际中玉米生长、土壤酶、土壤微生物之间的相互作用是全面评估TBBPA生态毒理学效应的非常重要的方面。
