Dwyer J T
Tufts University School of Medicine, New England Medical Center Hospital, Boston, MA 02111.
Am J Clin Nutr. 1988 Sep;48(3 Suppl):712-38. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/48.3.712.
Recent studies of vegetarian diets and their effects on morbidity and mortality are reviewed. Vegetarian diets are heterogeneous as are their effects on nutritional status, health, and longevity. Mortality rates are similar or lower for vegetarians than for nonvegetarians. Risks of dietary deficiency disease are increased on vegan but not on all vegetarian diets. Evidence for decreased risks for certain chronic degenerative diseases varies. Both vegetarian dietary and lifestyle practices are involved. Data are strong that vegetarians are at lesser risk for obesity, atonic constipation, lung cancer, and alcoholism. Evidence is good that risks for hypertension, coronary artery disease, type II diabetes, and gallstones are lower. Data are only fair to poor that risks of breast cancer, diverticular disease of the colon, colonic cancer, calcium kidney stones, osteoporosis, dental erosion, and dental caries are lower among vegetarians. Reduced risks for chronic degenerative diseases can also be achieved by manipulations of omnivorous diets and lifestyles.
本文综述了近期关于素食饮食及其对发病率和死亡率影响的研究。素食饮食多种多样，其对营养状况、健康和寿命的影响也是如此。素食者的死亡率与非素食者相似或更低。纯素饮食会增加饮食缺乏症的风险，但并非所有素食饮食都会如此。某些慢性退行性疾病风险降低的证据各不相同。这涉及素食饮食和生活方式两方面。有充分数据表明，素食者患肥胖症、无力性便秘、肺癌和酗酒的风险较低。有充分证据表明，素食者患高血压、冠状动脉疾病、II型糖尿病和胆结石的风险较低。关于素食者患乳腺癌、结肠憩室病、结肠癌、钙肾结石、骨质疏松症、牙齿侵蚀和龋齿的风险较低的数据，可信度一般至较差。通过调整杂食饮食和生活方式，也可以降低慢性退行性疾病的风险。
