Bloomer Richard J, Gunnels Trint A, Schriefer JohnHenry M
Cardiorespiratory/Metabolic Laboratory, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA.
Healthcare (Basel). 2015 Jul 14;3(3):544-55. doi: 10.3390/healthcare3030544.
We have previously noted beneficial health outcomes when individuals follow a dietary restriction plan in accordance with the Daniel Fast (DF). This is true whether individuals eliminate all animal products or include small amounts of meat and dairy in their plan. The present study sought to compare anthropometric and biochemical measures of health in individuals following a traditional DF (i.e., restricted vegan) or modified DF (i.e., restricted omnivorous; inclusive of ad libitum meat and skim milk consumption), with those following an unrestricted vegan diet plan.
35 subjects (six men; 29 women; 33 ± 2 years; range: 18-67 years) completed a 21-day diet plan. Subjects reported to the lab for pre- (day 1) and post-intervention testing (day 22) in a 10 h fasted state. Blood samples were collected and assayed for complete blood count, metabolic panel, lipid panel, insulin, HOMA-IR, C-reactive protein, and oxidative stress biomarkers (malondialdehyde, advanced oxidation protein products, and nitrate/nitrite). Heart rate and blood pressure were measured and body composition was determined via dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Subjects' self-reported compliance, mental and physical health, and satiety in relation to the dietary modification were recorded.
No interaction effects were noted for our outcome measures (p > 0.05). However, subjects in the traditional DF group reported an approximate 10% increase in perceived mental and physical health, with a 25% reduction in malondialdehyde and a 33% reduction in blood insulin. Systolic BP was reduced approximately 7 mmHg in subjects assigned to the traditional DF, with an approximate 5 mmHg reduction in subjects assigned to the modified DF and the unrestricted vegan plan. A small (2 mmHg) reduction in diastolic BP was noted for subjects in both DF groups; a slight increase in diastolic BP was noted for subjects assigned to the unrestricted vegan group. An approximate 20% reduction was noted in total and LDL cholesterol for subjects in the traditional DF group, with an approximate 10% decrease for subjects in the modified DF group. No decrease in total or LDL cholesterol was noted for subjects in the unrestricted vegan group.
These data indicate that both a traditional or modified DF may improve blood pressure and blood lipids in a clinically meaningful manner if these results are sustained over the long term. A traditional DF also results in a significant reduction in blood insulin and oxidative stress. An unrestricted vegan diet may improve systolic blood pressure, but in the absence of measures to strictly monitor adherence, it does not favorably impact other markers of health measured in the present study.
我们之前注意到，当个体按照但以理饮食法（DF）遵循饮食限制计划时，会产生有益的健康结果。无论个体是完全排除所有动物产品，还是在计划中包含少量肉类和奶制品，都是如此。本研究旨在比较遵循传统DF（即严格素食）或改良DF（即限制杂食；包括随意食用肉类和脱脂牛奶）的个体与遵循无限制素食饮食计划的个体在人体测量和生化健康指标方面的差异。
35名受试者（6名男性；29名女性；33±2岁；范围：18 - 67岁）完成了一项为期21天的饮食计划。受试者在禁食10小时的状态下到实验室进行干预前（第1天）和干预后（第22天）的测试。采集血样并检测全血细胞计数、代谢指标、血脂指标、胰岛素、HOMA-IR、C反应蛋白和氧化应激生物标志物（丙二醛、晚期氧化蛋白产物和硝酸盐/亚硝酸盐）。测量心率和血压，并通过双能X线吸收法测定身体成分。记录受试者关于饮食调整的自我报告依从性、心理和身体健康状况以及饱腹感。
我们的结果指标未发现交互作用（p>0.05）。然而，传统DF组的受试者报告其感知到的心理和身体健康状况提高了约10%，丙二醛减少了25%，血液胰岛素减少了33%。分配到传统DF组的受试者收缩压降低了约7 mmHg，分配到改良DF组和无限制素食计划组的受试者收缩压降低了约5 mmHg。两个DF组的受试者舒张压均有小幅（2 mmHg）降低；分配到无限制素食组的受试者舒张压略有升高。传统DF组的受试者总胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇降低了约20%，改良DF组的受试者降低了约10%。无限制素食组的受试者总胆固醇或低密度脂蛋白胆固醇没有降低。
这些数据表明，如果这些结果能长期维持，传统或改良的DF都可能以具有临床意义的方式改善血压和血脂。传统DF还能显著降低血液胰岛素和氧化应激。无限制素食饮食可能会改善收缩压，但在缺乏严格监测依从性措施的情况下，它对本研究中测量的其他健康指标没有产生有利影响。
