Burkert Nathalie T, Muckenhuber Johanna, Großschädl Franziska, Rásky Eva, Freidl Wolfgang
Institute of Social Medicine and Epidemiology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.
PLoS One. 2014 Feb 7;9(2):e88278. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088278. eCollection 2014.
Population-based studies have consistently shown that our diet has an influence on health. Therefore, the aim of our study was to analyze differences between different dietary habit groups in terms of health-related variables. The sample used for this cross-sectional study was taken from the Austrian Health Interview Survey AT-HIS 2006/07. In a first step, subjects were matched according to their age, sex, and socioeconomic status (SES). After matching, the total number of subjects included in the analysis was 1320 (N = 330 for each form of diet - vegetarian, carnivorous diet rich in fruits and vegetables, carnivorous diet less rich in meat, and carnivorous diet rich in meat). Analyses of variance were conducted controlling for lifestyle factors in the following domains: health (self-assessed health, impairment, number of chronic conditions, vascular risk), health care (medical treatment, vaccinations, preventive check-ups), and quality of life. In addition, differences concerning the presence of 18 chronic conditions were analyzed by means of Chi-square tests. Overall, 76.4% of all subjects were female. 40.0% of the individuals were younger than 30 years, 35.4% between 30 and 49 years, and 24.0% older than 50 years. 30.3% of the subjects had a low SES, 48.8% a middle one, and 20.9% had a high SES. Our results revealed that a vegetarian diet is related to a lower BMI and less frequent alcohol consumption. Moreover, our results showed that a vegetarian diet is associated with poorer health (higher incidences of cancer, allergies, and mental health disorders), a higher need for health care, and poorer quality of life. Therefore, public health programs are needed in order to reduce the health risk due to nutritional factors.
基于人群的研究一直表明，我们的饮食会对健康产生影响。因此，我们研究的目的是分析不同饮食习惯群体在健康相关变量方面的差异。本横断面研究使用的样本取自2006/07年奥地利健康访谈调查（AT-HIS）。第一步，根据受试者的年龄、性别和社会经济地位（SES）进行匹配。匹配后，纳入分析的受试者总数为1320人（每种饮食形式各330人——素食、富含水果和蔬菜的肉食性饮食、肉类含量较低的肉食性饮食以及富含肉类的肉食性饮食）。在以下领域控制生活方式因素进行方差分析：健康（自我评估的健康状况、损伤、慢性病数量、血管风险）、医疗保健（医疗治疗、疫苗接种、预防性体检）和生活质量。此外，通过卡方检验分析了18种慢性病存在情况的差异。总体而言，所有受试者中有76.4%为女性。40.0%的个体年龄小于30岁，35.4%在30至49岁之间，24.0%年龄大于50岁。30.3%的受试者社会经济地位较低，48.8%处于中等水平，20.9%社会经济地位较高。我们的结果显示，素食与较低的体重指数和较少的饮酒频率相关。此外，我们的结果表明，素食与较差的健康状况（癌症、过敏和心理健康障碍的发病率较高）、更高的医疗保健需求以及较差的生活质量相关。因此，需要开展公共卫生项目以降低营养因素导致的健康风险。
