Nieman D C
Department of Nutrition, School of Health, Loma Linda University, CA 92350.
Am J Clin Nutr. 1988 Sep;48(3 Suppl):754-61. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/48.3.754.
Confounding influences of varying fat, protein, and carbohydrate (CHO) levels, training habits, and lifestyle patterns make the interpretation of specific influences of the diet on endurance performance unclear. In general, exhaustion during prolonged, hard endurance exercise is tied to low muscle glycogen stores. Athletes in heavy training are urged to consume 70% of calories as CHO to maximize body CHO stores. A deemphasis in animal products with an emphasis in high-CHO plant foods would facilitate athletes in conforming to nutritional recommendations. Some female athletes may increase their risk of iron deficiency and/or amenorrhea if a restrictive vegetarian diet is adopted. In general, the high-CHO nature of the vegetarian diet can help the endurance athlete in heavy training maximize body glycogen stores and thus the ability to perform. The balanced vegetarian diet provides the athlete with added reduction in coronary risk factors while meeting all known nutritional needs.
脂肪、蛋白质和碳水化合物（CHO）水平的变化、训练习惯和生活方式模式的混杂影响，使得饮食对耐力表现的具体影响难以解释清楚。一般来说，长时间高强度耐力运动中的疲劳与肌肉糖原储备不足有关。建议高强度训练的运动员将70%的热量摄入为碳水化合物，以最大化身体碳水化合物储备。减少动物产品摄入，增加高碳水化合物植物性食物摄入，将有助于运动员遵循营养建议。如果采用严格的素食饮食，一些女性运动员可能会增加缺铁和/或闭经的风险。一般来说，素食饮食的高碳水化合物特性可以帮助高强度训练的耐力运动员最大化身体糖原储备，从而提高运动能力。均衡的素食饮食在满足所有已知营养需求的同时，还能使运动员降低冠心病风险因素。
