Evaluation of the Associations Between Cervical Microbiota and HPV Infection, Clearance, and Persistence in Cytologically Normal Women.

The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between cervical microbiota and different human papillomavirus (HPV) infection statuses in cytologically normal women. The cervical microbiota of HPV-positive or -negative women with a normal cytologic diagnosis was characterized and compared using 16S rDNA-based high-throughput sequencing, and the differences in cervical microbiota associated with new acquisition, persistence, and clearances of HPV genotypes were analyzed via one-year follow-up. The results showed that the cervical microbial richness of HPV-positive women was lower than for HPV-negative women, and the difference was more significant in the postmenopausal group relative to the premenopausal group. and related taxa were associated with baseline HPV positivity, while , and genera and their related taxa and were associated with baseline HPV negativity. For HPV-positive women, the baseline abundance of was negatively associated with new HPV infection, , and ; and were positively associated with new HPV-type infection within the year of follow-up. was found to be negatively associated with persistent HPV infection and 9 taxa belonging to , and were found to be positively associated with persistence, and/or negatively associated with clearance of HPV types. We also observed 10 novel taxa associated with the clearance/persistence of HPV that had not been reported elsewhere. Those taxa associated with different infection statuses of HPV could be used as a biomarker to help predict the risk of developing persistent HPV infection.