Centre for Clinical Microbiology, Division of Infection and Immunity, UCL, London, UK.
Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt.
Eur Respir J. 2019 Jan 10;53(1). doi: 10.1183/13993003.01225-2018. Print 2019 Jan.
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a major complication of preterm birth that leads to lifelong respiratory morbidity. The EPICure study has investigated the longitudinal health outcomes of infants born extremely preterm (EP; <26 weeks gestation). Our aim was to characterise the airway microbiome in young adults born extremely preterm, with and without neonatal BPD, in comparison to matched term-born controls.Induced sputum was collected from 92 young adults aged 19 years (51 EP and 41 controls). Typical respiratory pathogens were detected using quantitative PCR. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was completed on 74 samples (29 EP with BPD; 9 EP without BPD; and 36 controls).The preterm group with BPD had the least diverse bacterial communities. The relative abundance of Bacteriodetes, particularly was significantly lower in the preterm group compared to controls. This decline was balanced by a nonsignificant increase in Firmicutes Total relative abundance correlated with forced expiratory volume in 1 s z-score (ρ=0.272; p<0.05). Typical respiratory pathogen loads and prevalence were similar between groups.In conclusion extremely preterm birth is associated with a significant dysbiosis in airway microbiome in young adulthood regardless of neonatal BPD status. This is characterised by a shift in the community composition away from Bacteriodetes as manifested in a significant drop in relative abundance.
支气管肺发育不良（BPD）是早产儿的主要并发症，可导致终身呼吸系统发病率。EPICure 研究调查了极早产儿（EP；<26 周妊娠）的长期健康结局。我们的目的是描述患有和不患有新生儿 BPD 的极早产儿的气道微生物组，与匹配的足月出生对照组进行比较。
从 92 名 19 岁的年轻人（51 名 EP 和 41 名对照组）中收集诱导痰。使用定量 PCR 检测典型呼吸道病原体。对 74 个样本（29 名患有 BPD 的 EP；9 名没有 BPD 的 EP；和 36 名对照组）进行了 16S rRNA 基因测序。
患有 BPD 的早产儿组细菌群落多样性最低。与对照组相比，Bacteroidetes 的相对丰度，特别是 显著降低。这种下降被 Firmicutes Total 的非显著增加所平衡，与 1 秒用力呼气量 z 分数呈正相关（ρ=0.272；p<0.05）。各组间典型呼吸道病原体负荷和流行率相似。
总之，极早产儿出生与成年后气道微生物组的显著生态失调有关，无论新生儿 BPD 状态如何。其特征是群落组成向厚壁菌门转移，表现为 相对丰度显著下降。
