Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran.
Osteoporosis Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Clin Interv Aging. 2018 Nov 1;13:2215-2224. doi: 10.2147/CIA.S183276. eCollection 2018.
Being elderly and retired are related phenomena that overlap in a time symmetry. The present study aimed to assess the effect of an empowering self-management model on the self-efficacy and sense of coherence (SOC) in retired elderly with chronic diseases.
A randomized controlled trial that included 60 elderly people was carried out in Bushehr (Iran) in 2016. The participants were randomly assigned to either a control group or an intervention group. Based on an empowering self-management model, the intervention group participated in a five-stage plan: 1) self-awareness of changes and understanding their personal level of performance and expectations; 2) optimal goal setting; 3) planning; 4) adjusting physical, psychological, and social structures; and 5) evaluation. Self-efficacy and SOC were measured using the questionnaires developed by Sherer and Antonovsky, respectively, before and after the intervention. The results of the observed differences between the groups were subsequently compared. Data were presented as mean±SD.
The mean change of the self-efficacy score in the intervention and control groups was 9.48±5.32 and 1.68± 6.04, respectively, (t[56]=5.20, <0.001). The mean change of the SOC score in the intervention and control groups was 24.17±12.05 and 0.10±13.42, respectively, (t[56]=7.18, <0.001).
The applied empowering self-management model led to an improved self-efficacy and SOC among the retired elderly with chronic diseases. This model can be used to empower the elderly to achieve comprehensibility, manageability, and meaningfulness in their lives.
年老和退休是相关的现象，它们在时间上是对称的。本研究旨在评估赋权自我管理模式对患有慢性病的退休老年人自我效能感和心理韧性的影响。
2016 年在伊朗布什尔进行了一项随机对照试验，共纳入 60 名老年人。参与者被随机分配到对照组或干预组。根据赋权自我管理模式，干预组参与了一个五阶段的计划：1）自我意识的变化和了解个人的表现水平和期望；2）最佳目标设定；3）规划；4）调整身体、心理和社会结构；5）评估。干预前后分别使用 Sherer 和 Antonovsky 开发的问卷测量自我效能感和心理韧性。随后比较了两组观察到的差异结果。数据以均数±标准差表示。
干预组和对照组的自我效能感评分的平均变化分别为 9.48±5.32 和 1.68±6.04，（t[56]=5.20，<0.001）。干预组和对照组的心理韧性评分的平均变化分别为 24.17±12.05 和 0.10±13.42，（t[56]=7.18，<0.001）。
应用的赋权自我管理模式导致患有慢性病的退休老年人自我效能感和心理韧性的提高。该模式可用于增强老年人的可理解性、可管理性和生活意义。
