The biological actions and potential clinical significance of dietary omega-3 fatty acids.

The exploration of the effects of fish oil in cardiovascular disease and inflammation seems to be a promising avenue of research. There is evidence indicating the role of marine oils in inhibiting coagulation and platelet, leukocyte, and T-lymphocyte function. Moderate amounts of fish oil reduce serum triglyceride and very-low-density lipoprotein levels, while effects on cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, and low-density lipoprotein levels are unpredictable except at extremely large doses. Putative actions in lowering blood pressure and limiting myocardial infarct size require further study. The clinician needs to be aware of the dose- and time-dependent nature of the measurable effects of fish oil. The folly of recommending two to four capsules per day is contrasted with the ten to 30 capsules required to produce a specific desired effect.