Cohen Shlomo
Department of Philosophy, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Building 74, Office 339, Be'er-Sheva, 84105, Israel.
Med Health Care Philos. 2019 Jun;22(2):297-304. doi: 10.1007/s11019-018-9876-4.
Beneficence and respect for autonomy are two of the most fundamental moral duties in general and in bioethics in particular. Beyond the usual questions of how to resolve conflicts between these duties in particular cases, there are more general questions about the possible forms of the interactions between them. Only recognition of the full spectrum of possible interactions will ensure optimal moral deliberation when duties potentially conflict. This paper has two simultaneous objectives. The first is to suggest a typological scheme of all possible modes of interaction; these will be classified under the "discrete," "semi-discrete," and "non-discrete" categories, according to whether the meaning and/or forms of expression of each duty are treated as independent from or rather as constrained by the other. The second objective is to show that all logical possibilities of interaction indeed have real expressions in medical ethics, to provide clear illustrations of each, and in particular to stress those that have usually escaped recognition.
一般而言，尤其是在生物伦理学中，行善和尊重自主性是两项最基本的道德义务。除了在特定案例中如何解决这些义务之间冲突的常见问题外，还有关于它们之间相互作用可能形式的更普遍问题。只有认识到所有可能的相互作用的全貌，才能在义务可能冲突时确保进行最佳的道德思考。本文有两个同步的目标。第一个目标是提出一个关于所有可能相互作用模式的类型学方案；这些模式将根据每项义务的含义和/或表达形式被视为相互独立还是相互制约，分为“离散型”、“半离散型”和“非离散型”类别。第二个目标是表明所有相互作用的逻辑可能性在医学伦理学中确实都有实际表现，为每种可能性提供清晰的例证，尤其要强调那些通常未被认识到的可能性。
