School of Natural Sciences and Psychology, Faculty of Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK.
Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK.
Obes Rev. 2019 Mar;20(3):448-463. doi: 10.1111/obr.12795. Epub 2018 Nov 23.
Despite continued public health campaigns to promote physical activity, a majority of the population is inactive. In recent years, mindfulness-based approaches have been used in health and lifestyle interventions for physical activity promotion. We conducted a systematic literature review using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines to investigate the evidence for the potential of mindfulness-based approaches for physical activity. We searched electronic databases for papers that met eligibility criteria and identified 40 studies for inclusion. Evidence from cross-sectional studies (n = 20) indicated a positive relationship between dispositional mindfulness and physical activity, particularly with psychological factors related to physical activity. Five studies found that the mindfulness-physical activity relationship was mediated by stress, psychological flexibility, negative affect and shame, satisfaction and state mindfulness. Evidence from mindfulness-based interventions (n = 20) suggested positive between-subjects effects on physical activity, but interventions varied in duration, session length, group size, delivery, content and follow-up. Mindfulness-based interventions were more likely to be successful if they were physical activity-specific and targeted psychological factors related to physical activity. The body of research shows a need for more methodologically rigorous studies to establish the effect of mindfulness on physical activity and to identify potential mechanisms involved in the mindfulness-physical activity relationship reliably.
尽管持续开展公众健康运动以推广身体活动，但大多数人仍不活跃。近年来，正念方法已被用于促进身体活动的健康和生活方式干预中。我们根据系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目指南进行了系统文献综述，以调查正念方法促进身体活动的潜力的证据。我们搜索了符合入选标准的电子数据库，并确定了 40 项研究纳入。横断面研究（n=20）的证据表明，特质正念与身体活动之间存在正相关，特别是与身体活动相关的心理因素。五项研究发现，正念-身体活动的关系受到压力、心理灵活性、负性情绪和羞耻感、满意度和状态正念的中介。正念干预（n=20）的证据表明，对身体活动的组间效果为正，但干预措施在持续时间、会议长度、小组规模、交付方式、内容和随访方面存在差异。如果正念干预具有身体活动特异性并且针对与身体活动相关的心理因素，则更有可能成功。研究表明，需要更严格的方法学研究来确定正念对身体活动的影响，并可靠地确定正念-身体活动关系中涉及的潜在机制。
