Transcriptome analysis of mantle tissues reveals potential biomineralization-related genes in Tectus pyramis Born.

The marine mollusk Tectus pyramis is a valuable shellfish primarily distributed in the tropical waters of the South China Sea, as well as in the Indo-Pacific Ocean and areas near the southern portion of the Japanese Peninsula. Despite major economic interest in this mollusk, limited genomic resources are available for this species, which has prevented studies of the molecular mechanism, such as biomineralization. Here, we report the first comprehensive transcript dataset of T. pyramis mantle tissue. From a total of 16,801,141 reads, 173,671 unique transcripts were assembled, which provides new genomic resources for the understanding of biomineralization in T. pyramis. The most abundant unique sequences of the top 30 most highly expressed genes were annotated as shematrin, while other highly expressed genes included glycine-rich protein and shematrin-1. Based on transcriptome annotation and Gene Ontology classification, 130 biomineralization-related genes were found including members of the BMP (bone morphogenetic proteins), calmodulin, perlucin, and shematrin families, as well as mantle genes, nacrein, and MSI60. The results of qPCR showed that 14 of 24 examined genes were highly expressed in the mantle. A phylogenetic tree of BMP, perlucin, shematrin proteins revealed conservation of their structure and functions and indicated that some members participated in biomineralization in T. pyramis. Taken together, the results presented herein will be useful in studies of molecular mechanisms and pathways of biomineralization in T. pyramis, as well as provide new insight into the mechanisms of biomineralization in gastropods.