Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences, University of Jena, Am Steiger 3/1, 07743 Jena, Germany; Institute of Gerontology, Faculty of Educational and Social Sciences, University of Vechta, Driverstraße 23, 49377 Vechta, Germany.
Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences, University of Jena, Am Steiger 3/1, 07743 Jena, Germany; Institute of Gerontology, Faculty of Educational and Social Sciences, University of Vechta, Driverstraße 23, 49377 Vechta, Germany.
Drug Alcohol Depend. 2019 Jan 1;194:271-278. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.10.013. Epub 2018 Nov 13.
It is unclear whether specific components of individual social capital promote or protect against substance use and whether such effects vary across the life course. In this study, we investigated the effects of voluntary memberships and volunteering on alcohol and tobacco consumption in age comparison.
Preregistration is accessible at https://osf.io/qhkrn/. We used data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (1984-2015), where alcohol consumption was assessed in 2006, 2008, and 2010 and smoking was assessed at least biennially since 1998. We divided participants into three age groups (14-29, 40-50, and 65-75 years of age at baseline). To disentangle intraindividual change over time and interindividual differences (potential selection effects), we employed multilevel analysis.
At the within level, voluntary memberships at one occasion predicted higher alcohol consumption a year later in middle-aged and older adults, but memberships had no significant longitudinal effects on smoking. Several positive effects of volunteering on alcohol and tobacco use one year later were found in males. No significant differences in the longitudinal effects between age groups or between nonpolitical and political volunteering emerged. At the between level, voluntary memberships and volunteering were usually associated with more alcohol consumption at low and moderate levels but with less smoking.
Over time, voluntary memberships and volunteering in Germany appear to promote, rather than to protect against, alcohol and tobacco use. On average, more engaged individuals drink more (at moderate levels) and smoke less, which may be due to selection effects.
目前尚不清楚个体社会资本的特定组成部分是否会促进或预防物质使用，以及这些影响是否会因生命周期而异。在这项研究中，我们调查了志愿成员身份和志愿服务对年龄比较中酒精和烟草消费的影响。
可在 https://osf.io/qhkrn/ 上查看预先注册信息。我们使用了德国社会经济面板（1984-2015 年）的数据，其中酒精消费在 2006 年、2008 年和 2010 年进行了评估，吸烟情况自 1998 年以来至少每两年评估一次。我们将参与者分为三个年龄组（基线时年龄为 14-29 岁、40-50 岁和 65-75 岁）。为了厘清个体随时间的内在变化和个体间差异（潜在的选择效应），我们采用了多层次分析。
在个体内部水平上，某一时刻的志愿成员身份预示着中年和老年个体一年后酒精消费更高，但成员身份对吸烟没有显著的纵向影响。在男性中发现了志愿服务对一年后酒精和烟草使用的几个积极影响。年龄组之间或非政治和政治志愿服务之间的纵向影响没有显著差异。在个体间水平上，志愿成员身份和志愿服务通常与较低和中等水平的酒精消费增加有关，但与吸烟减少有关。
在德国，随着时间的推移，志愿成员身份和志愿服务似乎会促进而不是预防酒精和烟草使用。平均而言，参与度更高的个体饮酒更多（中等水平），吸烟更少，这可能是由于选择效应。
