College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, No.1 Linghai Road, Dalian, Liaoning, 116026, China.
Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology (AEET), School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China.
Drug Alcohol Depend. 2019 Jan 1;194:302-309. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.10.023. Epub 2018 Nov 14.
Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) has become a useful tool in long-term or short-term continuous monitoring of illicit drugs consumption over the world.
We investigated the trend of methamphetamine (METH) use between 2015 and 2018 through WBE in Dalian, a typical Chinese city. Samples were collected in 11 municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). An analytical method, solid-phase extraction combined with trifluoroacetic anhydride derivatization prior to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis was applied to detect METH concentrations.
During the sampling period, the METH concentrations increased slowly from 315 ± 243 ng/L in 2015 to 523 ± 549 ng/L in 2016, followed by a significant decrease with the concentrations 188 ± 187 ng/L in 2017 and 54.6 ± 42.9 ng/L in 2018. Ammonium nitrogen (NH-N) was applied to estimate population size. The average coefficient of variation for population in 11 WWTPs was 35.3 ± 8.9%, reflecting the dynamic variations of population effectively. For METH consumption, there was a gradual increase from 2015 (231 mg/day/1000 people) to 2016 (414 mg/day/1000 people) and a significant linear decrease to 2017 (206 mg/day/1000 people) and 2018 (53.9 mg/day/1000 people). The prevalence of METH increased from 2015 (0.78%) to 2016 (1.06%), then decreased to 2017 (0.55%) and 2018 (0.17%), showed similar trends with the consumption.
The obvious reduction trends of METH consumption via WBE over the period in Dalian provides objective evidence for declined METH consumption in local population. The reduction is probably due to the severe crack-down of illicit drugs by the government.
污水流行病学（WBE）已成为世界范围内长期或短期连续监测非法药物消费的有用工具。
我们通过污水流行病学（WBE）调查了 2015 年至 2018 年期间大连市甲基苯丙胺（METH）的使用趋势，这是中国的一个典型城市。对 11 个城市污水处理厂（WWTP）的污水样本进行了收集。采用固相萃取结合三氟乙酸酐衍生化后气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）分析方法检测 METH 浓度。
在采样期间，METH 浓度从 2015 年的 315±243ng/L 缓慢增加到 2016 年的 523±549ng/L，随后在 2017 年显著下降至 188±187ng/L，2018 年降至 54.6±42.9ng/L。氨氮（NH-N）用于估计人口规模。11 个 WWTP 中人口的平均变异系数为 35.3±8.9%，有效反映了人口的动态变化。对于 METH 消费，从 2015 年（231mg/天/1000 人）逐渐增加到 2016 年（414mg/天/1000 人），然后显著线性下降到 2017 年（206mg/天/1000 人）和 2018 年（53.9mg/天/1000 人）。METH 的流行率从 2015 年（0.78%）增加到 2016 年（1.06%），然后下降到 2017 年（0.55%）和 2018 年（0.17%），与消费趋势相似。
大连市污水流行病学监测结果显示 METH 消费呈明显下降趋势，为当地人群 METH 消费下降提供了客观证据。减少可能是由于政府对非法药物的严厉打击。
