College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, No. 1 Linghai Road, Dalian, 116026, China.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2021 May;28(20):25503-25513. doi: 10.1007/s11356-021-12371-5. Epub 2021 Jan 18.
Illicit drug use in rural and suburban areas of China has not been studied extensively, as most studies have focused on illicit drug use in urban areas. To compare the differences between urban, suburban, and rural drug use, we collected influent samples from 19 urban, 9 suburban, and 18 rural wastewater treatment plants in Dalian, respectively. A method using solid-phase extraction combined with derivatization for gas chromatography -mass spectrometry analysis was applied to detect biomarker concentrations. The concentrations of methamphetamine and morphine ranged from 3.12 to 605 ng/L and < 2.35 to 198 ng/L, respectively. Norketamine was found in only four samples (5.56 to 14.5 ng/L), while 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine and benzoylecgonine were not detected in any samples. Methamphetamine use in rural areas (16.3 mg/day/1000 inhabitant (inh), prevalence: 0.06%) was significantly lower than those in urban (77.1 mg/day/1000 inh, prevalence: 0.23%) and suburban (234 mg/day/1000 inh, prevalence: 0.70%) areas. Heroin use in suburban areas (57.6 mg/day/1000 inh, prevalence: 0.10%) was significantly higher than that in urban (13.9 mg/day/1000 inh, prevalence: 0.02%) and rural (8.68 mg/day/1000 inh, prevalence: 0.02%) areas. The results indicate relatively low levels of illicit drug use in rural areas of Dalian, related to low incomes and outflow of the working-age population. Illicit drug use was most prevalent in suburban areas of Dalian, which may be influenced by large floating populations and few anti-drug efforts in suburban areas.
中国农村和郊区的非法药物使用尚未得到广泛研究，因为大多数研究都集中在城市地区的非法药物使用上。为了比较城市、郊区和农村药物使用的差异，我们分别从大连市的 19 个城市、9 个郊区和 18 个农村污水处理厂采集了进水样本。采用固相萃取结合衍生化气相色谱-质谱法分析方法检测生物标志物浓度。检测到的甲基苯丙胺和吗啡浓度范围分别为 3.12 至 605ng/L 和<2.35 至 198ng/L。仅在四个样本中发现了诺克他明（5.56 至 14.5ng/L），而在任何样本中均未检测到 3,4-亚甲二氧基甲基苯丙胺和苯甲酰爱康宁。农村地区（16.3mg/天/1000 居民（inh），流行率：0.06%）的甲基苯丙胺使用率明显低于城市（77.1mg/天/1000 inh，流行率：0.23%）和郊区（234mg/天/1000 inh，流行率：0.70%）。郊区地区（57.6mg/天/1000 inh，流行率：0.10%）的海洛因使用率明显高于城市（13.9mg/天/1000 inh，流行率：0.02%）和农村（8.68mg/天/1000 inh，流行率：0.02%）地区。结果表明，大连市农村地区的非法药物使用率相对较低，这与低收入和劳动年龄人口外流有关。大连市郊区地区的非法药物使用率最高，这可能受到流动人口大、郊区地区禁毒工作薄弱的影响。
