Serreli Gabriele, Deiana Monica
Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, SS 554, km 4.5, 09042 Monserrato, Italy.
Antioxidants (Basel). 2018 Nov 22;7(12):170. doi: 10.3390/antiox7120170.
Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) polyphenols beneficial effects have widely been debated throughout the last three decades, with greater attention to hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol, which are by far the most studied. The main concern about the evaluation of EVOO phenols activities in vitro and in vivo is that the absorption and metabolism of these compounds once ingested lead to the production of different metabolites in the human body. EVOO phenols in the ingested forms are less concentrated in human tissues than their glucuronide, sulfate and methyl metabolites; on the other hand, metabolites may undergo deconjugation before entering the cells and thus act as free forms or may be reformed inside the cells so acting as conjugated forms. In most in vitro studies the presence of methyl/sulfate/glucuronide functional groups does not seem to inhibit biological activity. Parent compounds and metabolites have been shown to reach tissue concentrations useful to exert beneficial effects others than antioxidant and scavenging properties, by modulating intracellular signaling and improving cellular response to oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory stimuli. This review aims to give an overview on the reported evidence of the positive effects exerted by the main EVOO polyphenols metabolites in comparison with the parent compounds.
在过去三十年里，特级初榨橄榄油（EVOO）多酚的有益作用一直备受广泛争论，其中对羟基酪醇和酪醇的关注更多，它们是目前研究最多的成分。体外和体内评估EVOO酚类活性的主要问题在于，这些化合物一旦被摄入，其吸收和代谢会导致人体产生不同的代谢产物。摄入形式的EVOO酚类在人体组织中的浓度低于其葡萄糖醛酸、硫酸盐和甲基代谢产物；另一方面，代谢产物在进入细胞之前可能会发生去结合，从而以游离形式起作用，或者在细胞内重新结合从而以结合形式起作用。在大多数体外研究中，甲基/硫酸盐/葡萄糖醛酸官能团的存在似乎并不会抑制生物活性。已表明母体化合物和代谢产物能够达到对发挥有益作用有用的组织浓度，这些有益作用除了抗氧化和清除特性外，还包括调节细胞内信号传导以及改善细胞对氧化应激和促炎刺激的反应。本综述旨在概述与母体化合物相比，主要EVOO多酚代谢产物所发挥的积极作用的相关报道证据。
