Maenhoudt Cindy, Santos Natalia R, Fontbonne Alain
Centre d'Etudes en Reproduction des Carnivores (CERCA), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Paris, France.
Unité de Médecine de l'Elevage et du Sport (UMES), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Paris, France.
Reprod Domest Anim. 2018 Nov;53 Suppl 3:44-52. doi: 10.1111/rda.13364.
Manipulation of the oestrous cycle of the bitch is a common request of pet owners for different reasons. On one side, clients may be interested in temporally preventing oestrus until the bitch has finished the performance career, or to manage the kennel in the presence of a stud dog and to avoid undesirable breeding. Additionally, clients with no interest to use their animal for breeding, may, for ethical reasons, prefer to avoid elective surgery such as ovariectomy, to control reproduction. On the other side, clients may want to induce oestrus to better control the time of birth, to use a male with limited availability during a specific time, or to reduce the duration of the interoestrous interval in bitches with a long oestrous cycle (>8 months). Both these options for oestrous manipulation are based on hormonal treatments. For oestrous prevention, synthetic progesterone has been used since the 1960s. Induction of oestrus has been established with reliable results using dopamine agonists in the late 1980s and more recently using GnRH agonists. This review is focusing on the current and recently available treatments to manipulate the oestrous cycle in the bitch.
出于不同原因，操控母犬的发情周期是宠物主人的常见需求。一方面，客户可能有兴趣在母犬结束表演生涯之前暂时防止发情，或者在有公犬的情况下管理犬舍并避免意外繁殖。此外，出于伦理原因，对繁殖不感兴趣的客户可能更倾向于避免诸如卵巢切除术之类的选择性手术来控制繁殖。另一方面，客户可能希望诱导发情，以便更好地控制分娩时间，在特定时间使用可用性有限的公犬，或者缩短发情周期较长（>8个月）的母犬的发情间期。这两种操控发情的方法均基于激素治疗。自20世纪60年代以来，合成孕激素一直用于预防发情。在20世纪80年代后期使用多巴胺激动剂并在最近使用促性腺激素释放激素激动剂已成功诱导发情。本综述重点关注当前及最近可用于操控母犬发情周期的治疗方法。
