Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament d'Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain.
Dpt. Nutrition and Food Science, Complutense University of Madrid, Avda. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
Environ Res. 2019 Feb;169:246-255. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.11.017. Epub 2018 Nov 16.
In the present study, the presence of a wide spectrum of major and trace elements (As, Ag, Al, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, Sr, Sb, Se, Sn, Pb, V, and Zn), fatty acids, as well as some pollutants like free and total BPA and tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), was analysed in human milk (n = 53) and infant formula (n = 50) samples. In addition, the infant exposure to these chemicals was assessed. The content of free BPA and several elements (Al, Ca, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Sn, Sr, and Zn) was higher (p < 0.01) in infant formula samples. Furthermore, human milk contained levels of BPA and elements that, in almost all cases, were well below their respective EFSA and/or WHO thresholds, being also independent of the maternal characteristics (e.g., age, BMI or breastfeeding period). The fatty acid profiling also revealed major differences between human milk and infant formulas, which should be taken in account in the development of new formulas as well as in specific recommendations for the diet of breastfeeding mothers. Anyway, the results of this study reinforce that breastfeeding should be always the first feeding option in early life.
在本研究中，分析了 53 个人乳样本和 50 个婴儿配方样本中存在的多种常量和微量元素（砷、银、铝、钡、镉、钴、铬、铜、汞、锰、镍、锶、锑、硒、锡、铅、钒和锌）、脂肪酸，以及一些污染物，如游离和总双酚 A（BPA）和四溴双酚 A（TBBPA）。此外，还评估了婴儿对这些化学物质的暴露情况。婴儿配方样本中的游离 BPA 和几种元素（铝、钙、铬、铜、铁、钾、镁、锰、钠、镍、锡、锶和锌）的含量更高（p<0.01）。此外，人乳中 BPA 和元素的含量在几乎所有情况下都远低于各自的 EFSA 和/或世卫组织阈值，且与母体特征（如年龄、BMI 或母乳喂养期）无关。脂肪酸分析还揭示了人乳和婴儿配方之间的主要差异，这在开发新配方以及为母乳喂养母亲的饮食提供具体建议时应予以考虑。无论如何，本研究的结果证实，母乳喂养应始终是婴儿生命早期的首选喂养方式。
