Haro Juan, Comesaña Montserrat, Ferré Pilar
Department of Psychology, Research Center for Behavior Assessment (CRAMC), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Crta. de Valls s/n, Campus Sescelades, 43007, Tarragona, Spain.
Human Cognition Lab, CIPsi, School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.
J Psycholinguist Res. 2019 Apr;48(2):519-534. doi: 10.1007/s10936-018-9616-1.
The present study explores the issue of why ambiguous words are recognized faster than unambiguous ones during word recognition. To this end we contrasted two different hypotheses: the semantic feedback hypothesis (Hino and Lupker in J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform 22:1331-1356, 1996. https://doi.org/10.1037/0096-1523.22.6.1331 ), and the hypothesis proposed by Borowsky and Masson (J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cognit 22:63-85, 1996. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.22.1.63 ). Although both hypotheses agree that ambiguous words benefit during recognition in that they engage more semantic activation, they disagree as to whether or not this greater semantic activation feeds back to the orthographic level, hence speeding up the orthographic coding of ambiguous words. Participants were presented with ambiguous and unambiguous words in two tasks, a lexical decision task (LDT) and a two-alternative forced-choice task (2AFC). We found differences between ambiguous and unambiguous words in both the LDT and the 2AFC tasks. These results suggest that the orthographic coding of ambiguous words is boosted during word processing. This finding lends support to the semantic feedback hypothesis.
本研究探讨了在单词识别过程中，为何歧义单词比非歧义单词被识别得更快这一问题。为此，我们对比了两种不同的假设：语义反馈假设（日野和勒普克，《实验心理学杂志：人类感知与表现》，22:1331 - 1356，1996年。https://doi.org/10.1037/0096 - 1523.22.6.1331 ），以及博罗夫斯基和马森提出的假设（《实验心理学杂志：学习、记忆与认知》，22:63 - 85，1996年。https://doi.org/10.1037/0278 - 7393.22.1.63 ）。尽管两种假设都认为歧义单词在识别过程中受益，因为它们引发了更多的语义激活，但对于这种更强的语义激活是否反馈到正字法层面从而加速歧义单词的正字法编码存在分歧。在两项任务中向参与者呈现歧义单词和非歧义单词，即词汇判断任务（LDT）和二选一强制选择任务（2AFC）。我们在LDT和2AFC任务中均发现了歧义单词和非歧义单词之间的差异。这些结果表明，在单词处理过程中，歧义单词的正字法编码得到了增强。这一发现支持了语义反馈假设。
