Iwafune Takashi
Food Safety Commission Secretariat of Japan, Akasaka Park Bld. 22nd F. Akasaka 5-2-20, Minato-ku, Tokyo 107-6122, Japan.
J Pestic Sci. 2018 Nov 20;43(4):297-304. doi: 10.1584/jpestics.J18-01.
To clarify the properties of pesticide transformation products (TPs) for which the risk to aquatic organisms should be evaluated, I monitored the concentrations of paddy pesticides and their TPs in the Sakura River, Japan, during the rice-growing season in 2007-2010. I also conducted algal growth inhibition tests of herbicides and their TPs using a diatom and a green alga and acute toxicity tests of insecticides and their TPs using a caddisfly and a daphnid. Moreover, on the basis of the results of pesticide monitoring and toxicity tests, I attempted to evaluate the risk of these compounds to the riverine organisms as well as the risk of mixtures of insecticides and their TPs for caddisflies and cladocerans. The TPs were detected in the river water depending on the half-lives of the parent compounds and of the TPs in water and soil. The toxicities of the parent compound and its TPs may be related to their hydrophobicities and chemical structures. Some toxic and persistent TPs that formed rapidly in water and soil posed a risk to the organisms over a long period. The physicochemical properties and chemical structures of a parent compound and its TPs can be key factors in evaluating the pesticide TP risk to aquatic organisms in rivers.
为明确应评估对水生生物风险的农药转化产物（TPs）的特性，我于2007 - 2010年水稻种植季节监测了日本樱花河中的稻田农药及其TPs的浓度。我还使用硅藻和绿藻进行了除草剂及其TPs的藻类生长抑制试验，以及使用毛翅目昆虫和水蚤进行了杀虫剂及其TPs的急性毒性试验。此外，基于农药监测和毒性试验结果，我试图评估这些化合物对河流生物的风险以及杀虫剂及其TPs混合物对毛翅目昆虫和枝角类动物的风险。根据母体化合物及其TPs在水和土壤中的半衰期，在河水中检测到了TPs。母体化合物及其TPs的毒性可能与其疏水性和化学结构有关。一些在水和土壤中迅速形成的有毒且持久的TPs在很长一段时间内对生物构成风险。母体化合物及其TPs的物理化学性质和化学结构可能是评估河流中农药TPs对水生生物风险的关键因素。
